PHAR 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Teratology, Flumazenil, Household Chemicals
11 Nov 2016
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Iron cause of poisoning in children (iron tablets, green- looks candy) Age (young have poorly developed blood brain barrier) Extension of therapeutic effect: over sedation with barbiturates or benzodiazepines. Unrelated to main drug action: digitalis and nausea. Idiosyncrasy (happens to a small part of population) : usually genetically medicated eg. lack an enzyme or changes in the manner in which the drug is handled. Drug allergy: need prior exposure to form antibodies to the drug. Codeine is converted to morphine in the body. Drug dependence and addiction psychological overwhelming preoccupation with a drug; when use is stopped, there is physical symptoms (dependence) Toxicity is a rare event: chloramphenicol 1 in 50,000 patients died from blood dyscrasias. Toxic event appears after years of use: long term use may cause toxicity not detected in tests; eg. streptomycin causes hearing loss. Toxic effects not detected in animals: headache, insomnia, depression, etc. not detected in animals.
