BIOL 226 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Ecological Niche, Character Displacement, Herbivore
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Biol226-Ch 54
Community ecology
Biological community : group of population of different species that live close enough to interact
Community interactions; defined by effects of the pops on each other
Intraspecies : between individuals of the same species pops
Interspecies : between different species
Competition ( -/- )
o Individuals of different species compete for resources that limit growth and survival
competitive exclusion principle :
Two species competing for the same limiting recourse and niche cannot coexist on the same place
Ecological niche ;
o Sum species use of biotic and abiotic recourses in it's environment
o Role of species in an ecosystem
o Both spatial and temporal
Resource partitioning : differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist
o Species with similar resources uses may partition resources when together
o Also called niche , partitioning or niche differentiation
Character displacement :
Evolution of differences in morphology and recourses
Finches beak size
Fundamental niche : the niche potentially occupied by that species
Realized niche : portion of it's fundamental niche that the species actually occupy
Predation : ( +/- )
Predator influence by the population
Batesian mimicry: palatable or harmless species mimic unpalatable or harmful one
o Helps until there are enough harmful ones in a population
Mullerian mimicry : two or more unpalatable species look alike so predator learn to avoid such prey
o Both harmful
o Herbivory : (+/-)
o Organism eats parts of plants , alga
o Plants produce toxins or structures ( spines , thorns )
Symbiosis
Individuals of two or more species live in direct and have contact with each other
o Parasitism ( +/- )
Parasite derives nutrients from host and host is harmed In the process
Generally don't kill their host
Mutualism : ( +/+ )
Interspecific interaction that benefits both species
mycorrhizae
Document Summary
Biological community : group of population of different species that live close enough to interact. Community interactions; defined by effects of the pops on each other. Intraspecies : between individuals of the same species pops. Individuals of different species compete for resources that limit growth and survival competitive exclusion principle : Two species competing for the same limiting recourse and niche cannot coexist on the same place. Ecological niche : sum species use of biotic and abiotic recourses in it"s environment, role of species in an ecosystem, both spatial and temporal. Resource partitioning : differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist: species with similar resources uses may partition resources when together, also called niche , partitioning or niche differentiation. Fundamental niche : the niche potentially occupied by that species. Realized niche : portion of it"s fundamental niche that the species actually occupy.
