PMC1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Kwashiorkor, Cardiomyopathy
Workshop questions
What is cellular adaptation and why is it so important to us?
Cellular adaptation is a reversible response to stressors in order to survive and to perform normal
cellular function. Adaptations can include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and
metaplasia. An example is muscular hypertrophy in response to weightlifting.
Investigate a definition for the terms necrosis and apoptosis and provide an example of each
occurring.
Necrosis occurs due to irreversible cell injury. The contents of the cell leak out and cause
inflammation in surrounding tissues. An example of necrosis is a myocardial infarction where cells
die due to ischemia or infarction.
Apoptosis is a biochemically specific mode of cellular death where the membrane of the cell
remains intact and content are not leaked, preventing harm to surrounding tissues. An example of
this occurring is a cytotoxic T cell destroying an infected cell,
Select an illness or injury and follow and follow the injury or illness > cellular adaptation >
reversible injury > irreversible injury > cell injury
Injury or illness: melanoma
Cellular adaptation: melanocyte produces pigment in response to uv exposure
Reversible injury: sunburn/irritation
Irreversible injury: DNA is altered and malignant tumours multiply
Cell injury: Malignant tumours take over and kill surrounding tissue
You have a patient with a previous Hx of tuberculosis experiencing a rapid onset of central
chest pain, which is exacerbated by lying down. Using the following headings choose a
possible contributing cardiac disease process and complete the appropriate information. !
Possible disease: Tuberculosis Pericarditis
Aetiology: inflammation of the pericardium due to tuberculosis bacteria
Pathogenesis: The pericardial sac is infected with the tuberculosis bacteria after the initial
tuberculosis infection, causing the pericardium to become inflamed causing friction and rubbing.
Pathological and clinical manifestations:
central or left sided chest pain
pain when lying down exacerbated
fever
palpitations
coughing
SOB
Complications and sequelae:
cardiac tamponade
development of scar tissue
Document Summary
Cellular adaptation is a reversible response to stressors in order to survive and to perform normal cellular function. Adaptations can include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. An example is muscular hypertrophy in response to weightlifting. Investigate a de nition for the terms necrosis and apoptosis and provide an example of each occurring. The contents of the cell leak out and cause in ammation in surrounding tissues. An example of necrosis is a myocardial infarction where cells die due to ischemia or infarction. Apoptosis is a biochemically speci c mode of cellular death where the membrane of the cell remains intact and content are not leaked, preventing harm to surrounding tissues. An example of this occurring is a cytotoxic t cell destroying an infected cell, Select an illness or injury and follow and follow the injury or illness > cellular adaptation > reversible injury > irreversible injury > cell injury. Cellular adaptation: melanocyte produces pigment in response to uv exposure.
