Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Troponin, Gangrene, Thymus
23 Sep 2016
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Describe the morphological changes that characterize each: describe the mechanism of cell injury and/or cell death in response to decreased oxygen. Cell adaptation, injury and death - key terms. Adaptation - cells attempt to maintain an internal steady-state, but when exposed to an adverse stimulus undergo various adaptations (e. g. in pattern of growth (see below - atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, or dysplasia)) to establish a new "steady-state". If the stimulus is removed the cell reverts to normal. Anoxia - absence or almost complete absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood or tissues. Apoptosis - programmed cell death; characteristically seen during development (e. g. death of cells to shape fingers and toes); may also occur pathologically (e. g. after radiation). Atrophy - a decrease in tissue mass due to shrinkage of cells. Irreversible cell injury - results from an overwhelming injury or one in which the cell has no time to mount an adaptive response; see also necrosis.
