BSCI 1511 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Polyphyly, Monophyly, Gene Duplication
25 Apr 2016
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Phylogeny: evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Systematics: focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. Binomial: genus species species genus family order class phylum kingdom domain. Phylogenetic trees, show patterns of descent not similarity, no assumptions about absolute time of splitting, taxon does not evolve from taxon next to it. Branch points are where two lineages diverged from an ancestor. Rooted: most recent common ancestor for the whole tree. Basal taxon: separates soon from the root but does not diverge again. Polytomy: branch point with more than two descendant groups. Morphological homology: genetic similarities due to shared ancestry. Analogy: similarity between organisms due to convergent evolution, similar environmental pressures cause similar analogous adaptations in organisms from different evolutionary lineages, also known as homoplasies. Can look at the genome to see how many locations they differ and therefore see if they are related closely or not.
