BSCI 1511 Chapter Notes - Chapter 48: Acetylcholine, Endorphins, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

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violethyena861

25 Apr 2016

School

Vanderbilt University

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BSCI 1511

Professor

Johnson Carl

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Document Summary

Structure of neuron cell body: nucleus and organelles. Glial cells: supporting cells that nourish the neuron and regulate neuron environment. Information processing (three stages) sensory input: sensory neurons transmit info about external stimuli integration: interneurons analyze and interpret the sensory input. These cells make up the central nervous system; peripheral nervous system carries info in and out, axons bundled together form the nerves. Motor output: motor neurons transmit signals to cause muscle cells to contract. Hyperpolarization: happens when a gated k+ channel opens and more k+ flows out than normal, happens when a stimulus increase outflow of + ions or inflow of ions. Depolarization: opening na+ ions causes na+ to enter cell. Voltage-gated ion channels open or close when the membrane potential passes a threshold (-55), increased depolarization causes more na+ to open. All or nothing, size of stimulus is not related to action potential.

Related Questions

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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BSCI 1511 Chapter Notes - Chapter 48: Acetylcholine, Endorphins, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

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