HDF 371 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Social Control Theory, Superficial Charm
18 May 2018
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Chapter 13: Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence
Some General Principles about Problems in Adolescence
Psychosocial Problems: Their Nature and Covariation:
Substance use – the misuse of alcohol or other drugs to a degree that causes problems in the
idividual’s life
Externalizing disorders – psychosocial problems that are manifested in a turning of the
symptoms outward, as in aggression or delinquency
Internalizing disorders – psychosocial problems that are manifested in a turning of the
symptoms inwards, as in depression or anxiety
Comorbid – co-occurring, as when an individual has more than one problem at the same time.
Problem behavior syndrome – the covariation among various types of externalizing disorders
believed to result from an underlying trait of unconventionality
Social control theory – a theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to
society’s ai istitutios.
Negative emotionality – the presumed underlying cause of internalizing disorders,
characterized by high levels of subjective distress
Anhedonic – having difficulty experiencing positive emotions, a risk factor for depression.
Substance Use and Abuse:
Monitoring the Future – an annual survey of a nationwide sample of American 8th, 10th, and 12th
graders, mainly known for its data on adolescent substance use.
Binge drinking – consuming five or more drinks in a row on one occasion, as indicator of alcohol
abuse.
Gateway drugs – drugs that, when used overtime, lead to the use of other, more dangerous
substances
Developmental trajectories – patterns of change over time
Dopamine – a neurotransmitter especially important in the brain circuits that regulate the
experience of reward.
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