HDF 371 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Mri, Prefrontal Cortex
18 May 2018
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Transitions Part 2
The Adolescent Brain:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – a technique used to produce images of the
brain, often while the subject is performing some sort of mental task.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) – a technique used to produce images of the brain that shows
connections among different regions.
Brain structure – the physical form and organization of the brain
Brain function – patterns of brain activity
Electroencephalography (EEG) – a technique for measuring electrical activity at different
locations on the scalp.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) – changes in electrical activity in areas of the brain in response
to a specific stimuli or events.
Neurons – nerve cells
Synapse – the gap in space between neurons, across which neurotransmitters carry electrical
impulses
Neurotransmitters – specialized chemicals that carry electrical impulses between neurons
Synaptic pruning – the process through which unnecessary connections between neurons are
eliminated, improving the efficiency of information processing.
Myelination – the process through which brain circuits are insulated with myelin, which
improves the efficiency of information processing.
Plasticity – the capacity of the brain to change in response to experience
Developmental plasticity – etesie reodelig of the rai’s iruitr i respose to
experiences during childhood and adolescence while the brain is still maturing
Adult plasticity – relatively minor changes in brain circuits as a result of experiences during
adulthood after the brain has matured.
Prefrontal cortex – the region of the brain most important for sophisticated thinking abilities
such as planning thinking ahead weighing risks and rewards and controlling impulses.
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Document Summary
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) a technique used to produce images of the brain, often while the subject is performing some sort of mental task. Diffusion tensor imaging (dti) a technique used to produce images of the brain that shows connections among different regions. Brain structure the physical form and organization of the brain. Electroencephalography (eeg) a technique for measuring electrical activity at different locations on the scalp. Event-related potentials (erps) changes in electrical activity in areas of the brain in response to a specific stimuli or events. Synapse the gap in space between neurons, across which neurotransmitters carry electrical impulses. Neurotransmitters specialized chemicals that carry electrical impulses between neurons. Synaptic pruning the process through which unnecessary connections between neurons are eliminated, improving the efficiency of information processing. Myelination the process through which brain circuits are insulated with myelin, which improves the efficiency of information processing. Plasticity the capacity of the brain to change in response to experience.
