CH 320M Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Dont, Exothermic Process, Exergonic Reaction
Document Summary
An acid is a substance that dissolves in water to produce h+ ions. A base is a substance that dissolves in water to produce oh- ions. This was established back then, but we now know that these definitions aren"t accurate to refer to an acid and base. Today"s definition: an h+ ion immediately combines with a water molecule to give a hydronium ion h3o+ Hydration of the hydronium ion itself gives the ion h3o2. The monohydrated and dihydrated forms (h3o+ and h3o2. +) are the major hydrated forms present in aqueous solution. Arrhenius is modified to take into account these interactions of h+ with water molecules. Arrhenius definitions are still valid as long as it"s about aqueous solutions. 1923, danish chemist johannes bronsted and english chemist thomas lowry independently proposed the following definitions. Conjugate acid-base pair - any pair of molecules or ions that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton.
