PSY 3110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: White Adipose Tissue, Ancel Keys, Overeating
19 Sep 2016
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Chapter 14 Book Notes : Eating and Weight
The Digestive System:
• Body digests foods and turns them into carbs, vitamins, fats, proteins or minerals.
• Most digestion begins in the mouth.
o SALVARY GLANDS: furnish the moisture that allows the food to be tasted.
• Swallowing is the next action.
o PHARYNX: part between the mouth and esophagus.
o PERISTALSIS: propels food through the digestive system, beginning in the
esophagus.
o GASTRIC JUICES: secreted by the stomach and the glands that empty into the
stomach.
o PANCREATIC JUICES: essential for digesting carbs and fats.
• Bio salts are produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder to break down fat
molecules into a form that is acted upon by a pancreatic enzyme.
• FECES: materials left after digestion takes place.
• ANUS: place feces are eliminated.
Factors in Weight Maintenance:
• Stable weight occurs when calories are absorbed from food equal those expended for
the body metabolism plus physical activity.
o LEPTIN: a protein hormone is produced by white adipose tissue (fat) and acts on
receptors in the central nervous system as part of a signaling system involved in
the long-term reputation of weight.
• In the brain, insulin acts on the hypothalamus.
• GHRELIN: a peptide hormone also plays a role in eating. Produced by the cells in the
stomach wall, and its level rises before and falls after meals.
• CHOLECYSTOKININ (CKK): a peptide hormone produced by the intestines, acts on the
brain to produce feelings of satiation. .
Experimental Starvation:
• 6- yrs ago Ancel Keys began a study on the physical effects of human starvation. Results
showed the men being extremely irritable. Obsessions with food became apparent.
Experimental Overeating:
• Ethan Allen conducted study. Food became repulsive, they started to gain weight.
Overeating and Obesity:
• Overeating is not the sole case in obesity, but is plays a large role.
• There is no good definition for obesity.
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