PSY 3110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Vise, Psy, Relative Risk
19 Sep 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSY 3110 Chapter 2 Book Notes: Conducting Health Research
PLACEBO: an inactive substance or condition that has the appearance of an active treatment
and may cause participants to improve or change because of their belief in the placebo's
efficacy.
• Belief in the effectiveness of a treatment boosts the treatments effectiveness.
Treatment and the Placebo
• Placebos can lead to noticeable improvements in health outcomes. 7-43% of patients
pain improves from the placebo effect.
NOCEBO EFFECT: adverse effect of placebo
• In most cases, treatment is a combination of the placebo effect and actual treatment.
Research and the Placebo
• Placebo may be a plus for treatment, but it presents problems in evaluating treatment
effectiveness. For researchers to determine if a treatment is effective, the treatment
must show a higher rate of effectiveness than the placebo.
DOUBLE-BLIND DESIGN: an experimental design in which neither the subjects or experimenters
know those who dispense the treatment condition have knowledge of who receives the
treatment, and who receives the placebo.
SINGLE-BLIND DESIGN: Same as above, but the experimenters know who is getting what.
SUMMARY: A placebo is an inactive ingredient with the appearance of treatment. It may cause
participants to improve or change behavior because of their belief in the placebo. They are a
continuing problem for the researcher.
Research Methods in Psychology
1- CORRELATIONAL STUDIES: yield information about the degree of relationship between 2
variables, such as body fat and heart disease.
• This is a form of descriptive research.
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT: any positive or negative relationship between 2 variables. Cannot
prove causation, just that they vary together.
• Positive correlations happen when variables increase or decrease together. Negative
variables are when one increases and the other decreases, vise versa.
2- CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES: conducted at a single point in time.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Psy 3110 chapter 2 book notes: conducting health research. Treatment and the placebo: placebos can lead to noticeable improvements in health outcomes. 7-43% of patients pain improves from the placebo effect. In most cases, treatment is a combination of the placebo effect and actual treatment. Research and the placebo: placebo may be a plus for treatment, but it presents problems in evaluating treatment effectiveness. For researchers to determine if a treatment is effective, the treatment must show a higher rate of effectiveness than the placebo. Double-blind design: an experimental design in which neither the subjects or experimenters know those who dispense the treatment condition have knowledge of who receives the treatment, and who receives the placebo. Single-blind design: same as above, but the experimenters know who is getting what. Summary: a placebo is an inactive ingredient with the appearance of treatment. It may cause participants to improve or change behavior because of their belief in the placebo.
