ED 340 Chapter 2: Chapter 2 Reading Notes

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whitesquirrel287

7 Mar 2017

School

University of Portland

Department

Education

Course

ED 340

Professor

Brent Van Volkinburg

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Document Summary

Van volkinburg: students who are healthy and active are able to pay attention better and engage in class discussions and activities. Teaching the students how to stay healthy in their daily activities and through their physical habits. This will help them to learn how to live in a healthy physical lifestyle: counseling and psychological and social services: this is simply just being there for the students. If the students feel like they can share how they feel and what they are thinking with you it will help them mental solve their problems. This reduces stress and it also keeps them motivated and able to focus. Also teaching students how to cope with their problems and resolve situations that cause them stress. These can be solutions through communication, through physical activity, etc: family engagement: making sure that the student has a support system is very important for the health and success of a student.

Related Questions

. Vouchers to Pay Private School
Tuition
Two conditions that justify government intervention in a market are the presence of external benefits and equity concerns. Both of these issues are present in the case of primary and secondary education in the United States. Think about what education without government education would look like. In the absence of government intervention, all primary and secondary education in the US would be private. Public school districts would not exist. Parents would need to pay private firms (schools) to educate their children.

External benefits

If all education were private, itâs likely that people would buy too little education, from societyâs point of view. External benefits are one reason. When a child is educated, he or she benefits and we expect his or her parents to take those benefits into account when they purchase education. But there are additional benefits to society which parents may ignore. As people become more educated, they are less likely to be unemployed or be criminals and are more likely to volunteer and vote. The presence of these external benefits is an example in support for the government getting involved in education.

Equity

Many families in the United States have low incomes. Among all children in first through twelfth grades in 2001, 46% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Since the cost of private education would be an important share of these familiesâ incomes, most Americans would be concerned about the fairness of relying on markets to decide how much education children receive. Current spending by these families on private education provides some support for this concern. Of all children in private school in 2001, only 25% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Therefore, equity concerns are another example in support for government getting involved in education.

Providing vs. producing education

Most economists think external benefits and equity concerns justify government intervention in education. But it is important to distinguish between government production of education and other forms of government intervention. At the level of elementary and secondary education, K- 12 education, government intervention today mostly means production of education by local school districts. To benefit, children must attend public schools. But this is not the only form intervention could take.
There are other markets where government intervention takes the form of subsidizing peopleâs access to productsâthink of financial aid to college students, for example. Many people in the US think that government should move from producing education to subsidizing access.

One form that subsidy could take is government providing vouchers to parents. Parents would use the voucher to help pay for their childâs education in a private school. After it receives the voucher, the school would turn it in and be paid by a local or state government.

Today there is a lively debate between people who think K-12 education should be delivered publicly and people who think quality and efficiency would be higher if government provided vouchers and the education was delivered by private schools. Some of these quality and efficiency arguments can be based on material we covered this week. Price competition between private schools will pressure each one to produce efficiently. Competition for students will lead private schools to offer programs of interest to parents and their children.

Answer the questions below and make use of the sources supplied. Be sure to cite you sources in your answers.

1. Explain whether a potential exit by students with vouchers will lead to the improvement of public schools. 2. Discuss whether the implementation of vouchers will lead the best students to leave public school, which could lead to a decline in education for the students left behind in the public schools. 3. Consider what might happen to the students who use vouchers to leave public schools in order to attend private schools. How might their academic performance change as a result of switching? 4. Finally, think about the impact of a voucher system on the students in an urban setting. Describe whether all families would have an equal opportunity to access education.

Your final product will be a paper that: ? Addresses each of the four questions above in total. ? Is APA formatted. ? The body is to be 2 pages minimum.

The requirements for your assignment are: 1. Answer each question fully 2. Define the overall subject of each question. 3. Cite at least three (3) resources from this weekâs materials.

1. Which of the following statements about E. coli bacteria is TRUE?

A. It is only found in undercooked beef.

B. It is only found in unpasteurized milk.

C. It is a harmless bacterium.

D. It only affects foods prepared outside of the home.

E. It has been found in undercooked beef, unpasteurized milk and juice, and raw fruits and vegetables.

2. Where can food preparation result in foodborne illness?

A. private homes

B. catering/banquet facilities

C. institutions such as schools or prisons

D. restaurants

E. All of the above.

3. Which of the following results in the highest number of cases of foodborne illness?

A. norovirus

B. Salmonella

C. Clostridium perfringens

D. Campylobacter

E. Staphylococcus aureus

4. Pregnant women have a significantly higher risk of contracting foodborne illness caused by a specific pathogen. Which is it?

A. E. coli

B. Salmonella

C. Listeria monocytogenes

D. Campylobacter

E. Bacillus cereus

5. Common food and beverage sources of Salmonella include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. eggs

B. poultry

C. unpasteurized milk

D. raw oysters

E. meat

6. In order to prevent illness, those most at risk for foodborne illness should avoid all of the following foods and beverages, EXCEPT

A. raw sprouts (alfalfa, bean, or any other sprout)

B. hot dogs heated thoroughly

C. raw or undercooked eggs or foods containing raw or undercooked eggs

D. raw shellfish and their juices

E. unpasteurized (raw) milk

7. The safe zone for refrigerated foods is to be chilled below

A. 70^oF

B. 50^oF

C. 41^oF

D. 32^oF

E. 1^oF

8. If everyone who attended a family reunion and ate a freshly prepared meal of carved roast turkey became sick with a foodborne illness, and those who ate the freshly prepared carved roast beef did not, then what aspect of the four steps to food safety would most likely have been the cause?

A. clean

B. separate

C. cook

D. chill

E. None of the above.

9. You purchase deli meat wrapped in plastic from a grocery store, carry it out to your car in a paper bag, and leave it in the car while running errands for another hour. It is 80 degrees outside. Which of the four steps of food safety have you neglected to follow?

A. clean

B. separate

C. cook

D. chill

E. All of the above.

10. What should be used to measure the internal temperature of meat to ensure that it has been cooked thoroughly and to avoid foodborne illness?

A. probe thermometer

B. mercury thermometer

C. appearance of the meat (when it looks done)

D. the ovenâs temperature setting

E. cooking time

11. Why is it important for foods to be promptly chilled at the correct, safe temperature?

A. to improve taste

B. to improve appearance

C. to reduce the likelihood of bacterial growth

D. to have leftovers

E. to shorten cooking time

12. Which of the following is TRUE about USDA-certified organic food?

A. healthier than nonorganic food

B. safer than nonorganic food

C. considerably less expensive than non-organic food

D. made up of 50% certified-organic ingredients

E. at least 95% of the agricultural ingredients must be certified organic

13. Which federal agency has the primary legal responsibility for food additives?

A. FDA

B. USDA

C. DHHS

D. NIH

E. CDC

14. Who is LEAST likely to be negatively affected by a foodborne illness?

A. 45-year-old adult with HIV/AIDS

B. 20-year-old healthy college student

C. 80-year-old nursing home resident

D. 15-year-old chemotherapy patient

E. 15-month-old baby

15. Refrigerated leftovers should be eaten or thrown out within , in the interest of health and food safety.

A. 1 day

B. 2 days

C. 4 days

D. 1 week

E. 10 days

16. The FDA has approved food irradiation for all of the following, EXCEPT

A. meat

B. poultry

C. fresh fruits

D. dairy foods

E. fresh vegetables

17. The virus that causes the most foodborne illnesses and a significant number of related hospitalizations is

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Campylobacter

C. Salmonella

D. hepatitis

E. norovirus

18. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) signed in 2011 is praised because of the focus on

A. food taste

B. food defense

C. food prices

D. access to food

E. access to farm land

19. High intake of which food additive has been connected to hyperactivity in some children?

A. artificial food colors (AFC)

B. monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

C. salt

D. citric acid

E. fructose

20. All of the following can increase the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity, EXCEPT

A. poverty

B. unemployment

C. having a family farm

D. living in a food desert

E. cost of nutritious foods

21. Which one of these programs is the largest program in addressing domestic hunger?

A. Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

B. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

C. National School Breakfast Program

D. National School Lunch Program

E. Meals on Wheels

22. In the United States, there are several widely sold, common genetically modified (GM) foods. These include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. organic apples

B. corn

C. rice

D. tomatoes

E. soybeans

23. What can influence the worldâs food supply?

A. drought

B. flooding

C. civil unrest

D. climate change

E. All of the above.

24. A sustainable food system needs

A. uncontrolled population growth

B. safe and secure food supply

C. rapid climate change

D. constant drough

E. one-crop megafarms

25. Those who argue FOR genetically modified foods cite all of the following, EXCEPT

A. increased supply of food

B. drought-resistant plants

C. increased susceptibility to some pests

D. increased vitamin content in foods

E. improved food taste

26. Composting is an example of which type of sustainable food strategy?

A. buying local

B. purchasing organic foods

C. eliminating industrial meat consumption

D. reducing food waste

E. eating unprocessed foods

27. It is estimated that demand for food will rise by between 70% and 100% by 2050. What is one factor that will contribute to increasing demand?

A. population growth

B. civil unrest

C. unemployment

D. falling incomes

E. existing food insecurity

28. Which of the following is a legitimate potential risk of growing and consuming genetically modified foods?

A. The food tastes better, so people eat more.

B. The food lasts longer but loses nutritional benefits.

C. A plant food could produce a protein that is allergenic to some people.

D. The food may be infested with pests.

E. The food may absorb too much water and cause bloating.

29. Dirty equipment in a food truck has contaminated food as it travels to the grocery store. In which step of the food supply process did the contamination occur?

A. planting

B. production

C. processing and distribution

D. preparation

E. None of the above.

30. Fecal-oral transmission can occur at all of the following times, EXCEPT

A. when a food handler does not wash his/her hands before touching food to be prepared

B. when a daycare worker does not wash his/her hands after changing a babyâs diaper and then picking up another childâs bottle to feed them

C. when a food server cleans the restaurant bathroom and does not wash his/her hands before delivering food plates to a table

D. when animal fecal matter is present in the field where produce is grown and harvested

E. after toys in a daycare facility are soaked in a bleach-and-water solution overnight

31. All of the following are TRUE of parasites, EXCEPT that they can

A. live in a host

B. live on a host

C. multiply in foods

D. be a worm

E. be single-celled

32. The most common symptoms of foodborne illness are

A. bleeding

B. fever

C. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

D. diarrhea

E. fever and vomiting

33. Which of the following is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness and hospitalizations in the United States and is found in over half of all raw chickens, in addition to being found in raw milk and raw shellfish?

A. Clostridium perfrigens

B. Campylobacter

C. E. coli

D. Staphylococcus

E. meningitis

34. Which type of cheese should a pregnant woman avoid to reduce her risk of contracting a foodborne illness?

A. cheddar cheese

B. Swiss cheese

C. American cheese

D. queso fresco

E. mozzarella cheese

35. What process has been used to reduce the likelihood of foodborne illness experienced by NASA astronauts in space?

A. pasteurization

B. vaccinations

C. irradiation

D. antibiotics

E. antibacterial spacesuits

36. The USDA has recommended safe internal temperatures for foods. Which type of meat must be heated to the highest temperature?

A. turkey and chicken

B. ground beef

C. fully cooked ham (to reheat)

D. fish

E. beef roast

37. Two ways to prevent cross contamination in your kitchen are

A. wash hands, use clean dishes

B. wash hands, reuse plates when needed

C. wash hands, always use same cutting board for raw meats and vegetables

D. wash hands, store raw meats in same grocery bag as other foods

E. wash hands, clean off surfaces with the same cloth used to wipe up floor spills

38. What can food handlers do prior to food preparation to easily and dramatically reduce the likelihood of causing foodborne illnesses?

A. cover their mouth with their hand when coughing

B. wash hands before preparing food

C. wipe feet before entering kitchen

D. take medication to reduce fever before coming to work

E. store raw meat in an uncovered container

39. Who is most at risk for foodborne illness?

A. healthy 20 yr old male

B. 30 yr old female

C. infant 6 mo old female

D. 45 yr old female nurse

E. all the above

40. What is a favorable conditions for bacterial growth in food?

A. foods kept at temp. below 40 degree F

B. food kept at temp. above 140 degree F

C. food with a high moisture content

D. food with a low moisture content

E. very sweet food

TRUE or FALSE (A for true and B for false)

41. Food additives may be used to maintain freshness of food.

42. Foodborne intoxication is caused by ingestion of food that contains a toxin that may be naturally present in the food.

43. Staphylococcus aureus lives on the skin.

44. One foodborne pathogen that pregnant women are often warned against is protozoans.

45. The pathogen Norovirus cause muscle aches and fever.

46. The 1993 Jack in the Box outbreak caused Congress to update the monitoring of meatpacking plants in the United Stated.

47. Cross contamination is the transfer of bacteria or other pathogens from one source or surface to another.

48. Sit-down restaurants are the single setting of preparation responsible for the highest number of illness resulting from foodborne disease outbreaks.

49. Salmonella pathogen causes the most severe illness of all pathogens.

50. The FDA is responsible for regulating the safety of GM crops consumed by humans and animals in the United States.

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ED 340 Chapter 2: Chapter 2 Reading Notes

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