CHEM 1070 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Intermolecular Force, Dynamic Equilibrium, Vaporization

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30 Oct 2016

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Intermolecular forces: attractive forces that exist between molecules. Definite volume; liquids are not easily compressed. Indefinite shape; liquids assume the shape of their container. Definite shape; solids do not assume the shape of their container. Definite volume; solids are not easily compressed. May be crystalline (ordered) or amorphous (disordered) Surface tension: the tendency of li(cid:395)uids to (cid:373)i(cid:374)i(cid:373)ize thei(cid:396) su(cid:396)face a(cid:396)ea, (cid:396)esulti(cid:374)g i(cid:374) a (cid:862)ski(cid:374)(cid:863) o(cid:374) the surface of the liquid. Viscosity: the resistance of a liquid to flow; manifestation of intermolecular forces. Evaporation: a process in which molecules of a liquid, undergoing constant random motion, acquire enough energy to overcome attractions to neighbors and enter the gas phase. Vaporization: the phase transition between a liquid and a gas. Nonvolatile: describe a compound that does not vaporize easily. Condensation: a physical change in which a substance is converted from its gaseous form to its liquid form.

Related Questions

What are the main properties of liquids (in contrast to gases and solids)? Check all that apply.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of their container.

Liquids have much higher densities in comparison to gases.

Liquids are not easily compressed.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and do not assume the shape of their container.

Liquids are easily compressed.

Liquids have not a definite volume.

Liquids have a definite volume.

Liquids have lower densities in comparison to gases.

WORD BANK:

Atomic solids

Body-centered cubic

Boiling point

Condensation

Covalent atomic solids

Crystal lattice

Crystalline solids

Distillate

Distillation

Dynamic equilibrium

Evaporation

Face-centered cubic

Freezing

Freezing point

Ionic solids

Intramolecular

Interionic forces

Intermolecular forces

Liquid State

Macromolecule

Melting

Melting point

Metallic atomic solids

Molar heat of fusion

Molar heat of vaporization

Molecular solids

Non-bonding atomic solids

Non-crystalline (amorphous) solids

Properties of Liquids

Properties of Solids

Simple cubic

Solid State

Sublimation

Surface tension

Surfactants

Vapor pressure

Vaporization

Viscosity

Wetting action

Use the Vocabulary words above to complete the following sentences words can be used more than once, some words are not be used.

d. The molecules of a ________ are in constant motion. e. The __________ of a liquid is related to the shape of the molecules that make up the liquid. f. The force of attraction that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and form a âbeadâ or spherical drop is called? _________ _______ g. Chemical that reduce surface tension are called? __________ h. A liquids ability to spread out evenly over a surface as a thin film is called itâs? _________ _______ i. ____________ is the process by which molecules of a liquid break away and go into the gas phase. j. When the molecules of a volatile liquid jump to gas phase it is called _________. k. The reverse of evaporation (the conversion of a vapor to a liquid) is called? _________ l. When the rate at which the water is evaporating is equal to the rate at which the water vapor is condensing, you have established a __________ _________. m. ________ _______ is the partial pressure of a gas in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid. n. ________ _______ is when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. o. Boiling point can be used to purify a solution of two or more substances by ________. p. The condensed vapor sample is called the? ________ q. The exact quantity of heat required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at constant pressure and temperature is called the ________ ________ ___ __________. r. In ________________ __________ the particles do not have a definite or regular order (there is no repeating pattern throughout the solid). s. In ____________ __________, the particles are arranged in regular, systematic patterns called a ________ _________. t. The three different types of crystal lattices based on the cube are? ________ ______, _____________ ______, and ___________, ________. u. The three types of atomic solids include _________ _____, ___________ ______, and __________ ________.

To understand the kinetic molecular descriptions of solids, liquids, and gases.

The following table gives information about the behavior of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases.

	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Density	high	high	low
Molecular movement (with respect to one another)	minimally	slow	fast
Compressibility and thermal expansion	fixed volume	fixed volume	variable volume
Do they expand to fill their container?	no	no	yes
Do they take the shape of their container?	no	yes	yes

Part B

Consider equal volumes (say 1 L) of a given substance in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. Arrange them in order of decreasing mass based on the trend for the average substance. If the mass difference between samples is relatively small (10%or less), rank the items as equivalent.

Rank from greatest to least mass. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

1L of substance in the solid phase, 1L of substance in the liquid phase, 1L of substance in the gas phase

Greatest Mass Least Mass

Part C

Match each description to the appropriate phase of matter.

A substance with a fixed volume and fixed shape

A substance with no fixed volume or shape

A substance with a fixed volume and no fixed shape

Solid Liquid Gas

CHEM 1070 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Intermolecular Force, Dynamic Equilibrium, Vaporization

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