BIOL 1141 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Chemical Polarity, Endergonic Reaction, Warfarin
Document Summary
Protein has to change shape to make it through the membrane: when a polypepide is synthesized at a ribosome. Enzyme transfers a phosphate group from atp to each amino acid f. Funcions of atp in cells: chemical work, to synthesize macromolecules, transport work, to pump substances across plasma membrane, mechanical work, muscles contracing. Redox reacions: electrons pass from one molecule to another, oxidaion: loss of electrons, reducion: gain of electrons, both take place at same ime, one molecule accepts electron given up by the other, nacl: sodium oxidized, chlorine reduced. Photosynthesis: chloroplasts capture solar energy and use it to convert water and co2 to carbohydrate, hydrogen atoms transferred form water to co2 as glucose forms, carbon: reduced; water: oxidized, energy provided by solar energy. Cellular respiraion: mitochondria oxidize carbohydrates and use the released energy to build atp, cellular respiraion consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, equaion opposite form photosynthesis, glucose: oxidized; oxygen: reduced, cells oxidize glucose step by step.