BIOLOGY 151 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Prokaryote, Nuclear Membrane

43 views1 pages

turquoiselouse914

13 Jun 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

● GENE EXPRESSION: process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein

● The primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is

expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of DNA transcription

● In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained inside the cell’s nucleus and there it is

transcribed into RNA

● The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear

membrane; transcription occurs w/in the nucleus and translation occurs only outside the

nucleus in the cytoplasm

● EPIGENETIC level: regulation may occur when the DNA is uncoiled and loosened from

nucleosomes to bind transcription factors

● TRANSCRIPTIONAL level: when the RNA is transcribed

● TRANSLATIONAL level: when the RNA is transcribed into a protein

● POST-TRANSLATIONAL level: after the protein’s made

PAGE 3

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows half of the first page of the document.
Unlock all 1 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Gene expression: process of turning on a gene to produce rna and protein. The primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of dna transcription. In eukaryotic cells, the dna is contained inside the cell"s nucleus and there it is transcribed into rna. The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear membrane; transcription occurs w/in the nucleus and translation occurs only outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. Epigenetic level: regulation may occur when the dna is uncoiled and loosened from nucleosomes to bind transcription factors. Transcriptional level: when the rna is transcribed. Translational level: when the rna is transcribed into a protein.

Related Questions

1. What reaction is catalyzed by reverse transcriptase and used in the laboratory to generate cDNA?

a. transcription of RNA to DNA

b. transcription of DNA to RNA

c. conversion of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides

d. translation of RNA to DNA

e. conversion of a ribonucleotide to a DNA double helix

2. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine the amount of mRNA arising from a particular gene.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. b and c

3. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine how a primary transcript is converted to mature mRNA

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. a and d

4. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine when a particular mRNA is actually used in protein synthesis.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. None of the above because protein synthesis takes place immediately

5. Under what circumstances do cells selectively activate and suppress their genes?

a. at different stages of embryonic development

b. in different tissues

c. exposure to different types of stimuli

d. No such circumstances exist in natureâcells express all their genes throughout life.

e. a, b and c

6. Which statement about the control of gene expression is FALSE?

a. A single gene may be controlled by different transcription factors.

b. A single transcription factor may be necessary for the expression of different genes.

c. Each cell type has a characteristic pattern of gene transcription, which is determined by the particular complement of transcription factors contained in that cell.

d. Expression of protein genes is primarily controlled in nucleoli

e. Control of gene transcription is complex and influenced by various circumstances.

7. What is thought to maintain X chromosome inactivation in females?

a. DNA acetylation

b. DNA methylation

c. RNA inactivation

d. Histone methylation

e. None of the above because both X chromosomes are active in females and males.

crimsonplatypus494

2. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine the amount of mRNA arising from a particular gene.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. b and c

3. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine how a primary transcript is converted to mature mRNA

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. a and d

4. In eukaryotic cells, _________determine when a particular mRNA is actually used in protein synthesis.

a. transcriptional-level controls

b. RNA processing-level controls

c. translational-level controls

d. replication-level controls

e. None of the above because protein synthesis takes place immediately

5. Under what circumstances do cells selectively activate and suppress their genes?

a. at different stages of embryonic development

b. in different tissues

c. exposure to different types of stimuli

d. No such circumstances exist in natureâcells express all their genes throughout life.

e. a, b and c

6. Which statement about the control of gene expression is FALSE?

a. A single gene may be controlled by different transcription factors.

b. A single transcription factor may be necessary for the expression of different genes.

c. Each cell type has a characteristic pattern of gene transcription, which is determined by the particular complement of transcription factors contained in that cell. d. Expression of protein genes is primarily controlled in nucleoli

e. Control of gene transcription is complex and influenced by various circumstances.

7. What is thought to maintain X chromosome inactivation in females?

a. DNA acetylation

b. DNA methylation

c. RNA inactivation

d. Histone methylation

e. None of the above because both X chromosomes are active in females and males.

periwinklehorse209

1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

BIOLOGY 151 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Prokaryote, Nuclear Membrane

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOLOGY 151 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Cell Nucleus, Tryptophan, Nuclear Membrane

BIOLOGY 151 Lecture Notes - Peptide, Tata Box, Histone Code

BIOLOGY 151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Lac Operon, Tata-Binding Protein, Cistron

Related Questions