PSYCH 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 22: Fore People
17 May 2016
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1. ARTICLE CITATION:
• Original Author(s): Ekman, P & Friesen, W.V.
• Original Publication Date: 1971
• Original Title: I Can See It All Over Your Face
• Original Place of Publication: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2. QUESTIONS ADDRESSED IN ORIGINAL STUDY:
(List the 2 – 5 most important questions addressed in the original study)
• Will members of a preliterate culture, who had been selected to ensure maximum visual isolation
from literate cultures, identify the same emotion concepts with the same faces as do members of
literate Western and Eastern cultures?
• Would different cultures affect the faces they make when the people feel emotions, or do all
people project the same facial expression associated with a feeling?
• Are human emotional expressions identical across all cultures and types of people?
• Does exposure to media and society affect how we perceive and react to emotions?
• Do people who are isolated from the world surrounding them, have different facial expression
for emotions, than the rest of us do?
3. FINDINGS OF ORIGINAL STUDY:
(List the 2 – 5 most important findings of the original study)
• To successfully catalyze the study the researchers had to go to the South Fore people since they
had no contact with the outside world, and were totally raised with their own secluded language
and culture.
• Despite that the women tended to have less contact with the Westerners than did the men, they
still responded the same to the pictures and emotions.
• The women, children, and men responded the same to the all the pictures and formed the correct
facial expressions with the correlated emotions.
• Many people got the emotion of fear and surprise confused. One group selected surprise 67% of
the time when the story suggested fear.
4. EXTENSIONS OF ORIGINAL STUDY
(List the 2 – 5 most important advances made by subsequent research in this area)
• Younger and older children in the tribes shared the same responses to the emotions.
• Particular facial behaviors are universally associated with particular emotions.
• The Westerners and the Fore people shared the same responses to the emotions/pictures.
5. IMPLICATIONS OF WORK
(List the 2 – 5 most important implications of all of this research)
• When the Fore people were videotaped and shown to U.S. college students they were able to
correlate the emotions of the Fore people correctly with the correct facial expressions.
• Facial expressions and the feeling of emotions are not different amongst different cultures.
• People across the world share a set of universal emotions.
• Fear and Surprise are common feelings that are very intertwined with each other and can be
undistinguishable at times.
6. LIMITATION OF WORK
(List the 2 – 5 most important limitations of this area of research)
• Why are feelings of surprise and fear confused so easily?
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