BIOLOGY 171 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13.3-13.4: Genome Size, Archaea, Polyploid
25 Mar 2017
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Differential gene expression allows the same protein coding genes to be deployed in different combinations to yield distinct cell types: many different protein interactions, single gene may yield multiple proteins (alternative slicing) Viruses, bacteria, and archaeons have small and compact genomes. Genomes are measured in number of base pairs and are called: kb (1000, mb (million, gb (billion) Genomes of bacteria and archaeons are information dense and consist of about 90% protein coding genes. Among eukaryotes, no relationship exists between genomes size and the complexity of the organism. C-value paradox is the idea that there is a disconnect between genome size and organismal complexity; the amount of dna in a reproductive cell refers to the c-value. Polyploidy refers to having more than 2 sets of chromosomes; occurs a lot in plants and is important in their evolution. Main reason for large genomes in eukaryotes is that a lot of dna is non-coding, repeated sequences.
