CHM 2210 Chapter Notes -Chemical Polarity, Enthalpy, Euclidean Vector
16 Nov 2014
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Shells subshells orbital organization of electrons. The second shell contains one s orbital and three p orbitals. The three 2p orbitals reflect orthogonal angular momentum states in 3-d space: there are 90-degree angles between orbitals and orbitals do not overlap. Electron affinity: energy added or released when an electron is added to an atom or molecule. Bond dissociation enthalpy: energy needed to be absorbed for a bond to be broken. Nonpolar covalent bond: difference in electronegativity < 0. 5. Polar covalent bond: difference in electronegativity 0. 5 and 1. 9. ) measure of the polarity of a covalent bond. Product of the charge on either atom of a polar covalent bond times the distance between the nuclei. Formal charge = number of valence electrons in neutral, unbonded atoms - (all unshared electrons + one half all shared electrons) Charge on an atom in a polyatomic ion or molecule.
