BSC 2011 Chapter Notes - Chapter 44: Malpighian Tubule System, Osmoregulation, Cryptobiosis
30 Nov 2016
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44. 1 osmoregulation balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes. Cells balance water gain and loss through osmoregulation. Process based on the controlled movement of solutes between: Internal fluids and the external environment and on the movement of water, which follows by osmosis. In contrast, osmoregulators control water uptake and loss in a hypo-osmotic or hyper-osmotic environment, respectively. Osmoconformers are iso-osmotic with their marine environment and do not regulate their osmolarity. Water-conserving excretory organs help terrestrial animals avoid desiccation, which can be life-threatening. Animals that live in temporary waters may enter a dormant state called anhydrobiosis when their habitats dry up. Transport epithelia contain specialized epithelial cells that control the solute movements required for waste disposal and osmoregulation. 44. 2 an animal"s nitrogenous wastes reflect its phylogeny and habitat. Protein and nucleic acid metabolism generates ammonia. Mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia to the less toxic urea: which is excreted with a minimal loss of water.
