BSC 2010 Chapter 12: Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

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sapphirewildebeest248

27 Aug 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Biology - Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 2010

Professor

Korolev Maria

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

CHAPTER 12: Mitosis

Cell divisions in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A. Prokaryotes: binary fission- produces

genetically identical daughter cells

 Circular DNA

B. Eukaryotes:

- mitosis- produces genetically identical daughter cells

for all body cells except gametes

-meiosis- produces genetically different daughter cells

for gametes

 DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins (nucleosome)

Cell cycle- the life of a cell from the time its first

formed (from a dividing parent cell) until its own

division into two cells

Central Dogma of Biology:

DNA (Transcription) RNA (Translation) proteins

 genome- cell's collection of DNA

 2/3% of chromosomal DNA accounts for genes

 10% of DNA codes for proteins (90% of DNA does NOT code

for proteins)

 Cell's genome must be replicated before the cell can divide

into a genetically identical daughter cell

1. Somatic Cell

 Normal body cells, with exception of gametes

 46 chromosomes (doploid)

 Cells divide through mitosis- genetically identical

daughter cells produced

 Chromrosomes consist of 2 sister chromatids (2 copies

of each chromosome) attached at centromere,

connected by kinetochore proteins

2. Gamete

 Spem and egg cells

 23 chromosomes (haploid)

 Cells divide through meiosis-

genetically different daughter

cells produced

 Chromosomes consist of one

copy of each chromosome

Two types of cells (referring to number of chromosomes present)

The Cell Cycle: (2 main phases)

A. Interphase

1. G1- Cell grows while carrying out cell

functions unique to its cell type (46

chromosomes)

2. S (DNA Synthesis)- Cell continues to carry

out normal cell functions but also duplicates

its chromosomes (46*2=92 chromosomes)

3. G2- Second period of growth and

preparation for cell divisions

B. Mitotic Phase

1. Mitosis- Cell’s nucleus duplicates, then divides

2. Cytokinesis- Cell duplicates, forming two

separate cells

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Document Summary

Cell divisions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: prokaryotes: binary fission- produces genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis- produces genetically identical daughter cells for all body cells except gametes for gametes. Dna wrapped around 8 histone proteins (nucleosome) Cell cycle- the life of a cell from the time its first formed (from a dividing parent cell) until its own division into two cells. Dna (transcription) rna (translation) proteins genome- cell"s collection of dna. 10% of dna codes for proteins (90% of dna does not code for proteins) Cell"s genome must be replicated before the cell can divide into a genetically identical daughter cell: somatic cell. Two types of cells (referring to number of chromosomes present) Normal body cells, with exception of gametes. Cells divide through mitosis- genetically identical daughter cells produced. Chromrosomes consist of 2 sister chromatids (2 copies of each chromosome) attached at centromere, connected by kinetochore proteins: gamete. Cells divide through meiosis- genetically different daughter cells produced.

Related Questions

5- The human genome consists of:

45 individual chromosomes

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

42 chromosomes (22 pairs)

23 individual chromosomes

6- A specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein.

chromosome

genome

gene

chromatid

7- In the cell cycle, M phase is NOT considered a part of interphase.

True

False

8- At the end of ______________ each cell is genetically identical to the parental cell. At the end of ______________ each cell received Â½ the genome of the parental cell:

mitosis; budding

mitosis; meiosis

budding; meiosis

meiosis; mitosis

9- In plant cells, a _____________________ develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell, forming the wall between the two new daughter cells.

kinetochore

cleavage furrow

centromere

cell plate

10- Which term best describes how bacteria describe:

binary fission

meiosis

mitosis

diffusion

pucecat917

Every year, the viral strains included in vaccinations for the flu are slightly different, based on the prevalence of the strains present the previous year. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the vaccinations and the treatment of viral infections like the flu?

	A.	When someone who is vaccinated encounters the virus they were vaccinated for, antigens are produced triggering destruction of the virus.
	B.	Antibodies are built up in response to viral antigens, making those with vaccines more susceptible to viral infection.
	C.	Viruses mutate quickly due to overuse of antibiotics.
	D.	Vaccinations involve introducing an antigen of a virus into the immune system, which stimulates the production of antibodies.

Recall that HIV is a retrovirus. Based on that, which of the following would NOT be an effective drug target for treatment of HIV?

	A.	Translation inhibitors
	B.	Integrase inhibitors
	C.	Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

The type of horizontal gene transfer that specifically requires a virus to transfer DNA from donor to recipient is called:

	A.	transformation.
	B.	conjugation.
	C.	transduction.
	D.	binary fission.

Binary fission differs from mitosis in that

	A.	binary fission occurs in prokaryotes, and mitosis happens in eukaryotes.
	B.	binary fission does not have a step to duplicate the genetic information, and mitosis does.
	C.	binary fission creates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while mitosis introduces genetic variation.
	D.	binary fission does not have a step to separate the parent cell into two daughter cells, and mitosis does.

Bacteria contain ______ in their cell walls, while Archaea contain _____ in their cell walls.

	A.	chitin; peptidoglycan
	B.	peptidoglycan; pseudopeptidoglycan
	C.	pseudopeptidoglycan; peptidoglycan
	D.	peptidoglycan; chitin
	E.	cellulose; chitin

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

BSC 2010 Chapter 12: Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

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