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BSC 2010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Monosaccharide, Blood Sugar, Monomer

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sapphirewildebeest248

27 Aug 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Biology - Biological Sciences

Course

Professor

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Document Summary

Macromolecules are large molecules: consist of thousands of atoms, 4 types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, polymer: long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers. Monomers: building blocks of polymers: 3 out of 4 macromolecules are polymers: lipids are not polymers. Polymers: polymerization is the result of dehydration synthesis, dehydration reaction: removal of water from molecules. Condensation reaction: synthesis reaction: build polymers from monomer components. Amino acid + amino acid: nucleic acid: polynucleotide. Builds up or breaks down: dehydration synthesis: formation of covalent bonds between monomers to form polymers by the removal of water, hydrolysis: uses water to disassemble polymers into monomers by splitting bonds between polymers. Carbohydrates: glucose is the main source of energy for human body, cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose for energy, glucose is a monosaccharide, energy storage. Long term: converted to fat: sugar monosaccharides. Sucrose (glucose + fructose: polymers of sugars (polysaccharides)

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Related Questions

please i need help with this qustions answer the multiple choice that is all and be clear not writes un clear stuff just asnswer the qustions please

Question 1

Starch is: (select all the correct answers)

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants

an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

a structural carbohydrate in plants

a polymer of glucose

Question 2

The monomers in starch are joined together by which type of linkage?

beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage

alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage

alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkage

Question 3

Glycogen is: (select all that are correct)

a polymer of glucose

a long chain molecule with very few if any branches

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants

a highly branched molecule with alpha 1-4 & alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkages

has many beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages

an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

Question 4

What type of reaction will break down glycogen and produce glucose molecules?

depolymerization

Question 5

Cellulose is: (select all that apply).

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants

has both alpha 1-4 and beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages

a structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls

a polymer of glucose

a structural carbohydrate in animals

Question 6

In cellulose, covalent bonds link glucose monomers and hydrogen bonds hold the long glucose chains together.

Question 7

Chitin is: (select all that apply)

a polymer of glucose

can be used as sutures

a structural carbohydrate in plants

a structural polysaccaride found in the exoskeleton of animals like arthropods

an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

Question 8

Lipids are not true polymers?

Question 9

Steroids are lipids

Question 10

A fat is composed of

4 fused carbon rings

a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

a phosphate a glycerol and 2 fatty acid chains

1. Use the following definitions and phrases to describe to which molecules of life and their subunits it belongs:

a. Energy-storing molecule, typically water soluble - b. Subunits are called monosaccharides â c. Used to speed chemical reactions - d. Subunits are joined to each other with peptide bonds - e. Most prevalent molecule in cell membranes - f. Some of them function as hormones - g. Used for storing, transmitting, and executing genetic information - h. Subunits are nucleotides

2. Weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the many properties of water. Acidity is expressed as pH. Buffers stabilize pH. a. What characteristics of water molecule makes it polar? Provide two examples why this property is important in microbiology. b. What is the role of buffers in living organisms, including microbes? c. What must be added to pure water to decrease OH- and/or H+ concentration, respectively

3. Carbohydrates serve as storage molecules and structural material. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules; phospholipids are main component of cell membranes. Protein has a complex structure based on identity and sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are genetic station of storage information and for synthesis of proteins. ATP serve as the main energy source in the living cell. a. Name the subunits (building blocks) of carbs, simple lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids b. What level of protein structure is described as an alpha helix? c. If DNA is placed in boiling water, what and how the molecule would change?

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

electron shells

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

monosaccharides

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

facilitated diffusion

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

monosaccharides

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

R Group or functional group

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum