BISC300 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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erinbear648

27 Nov 2016

School

University of Delaware

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC300

Professor

Cooper Carlton

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Document Summary

11. 1 metabolic diversity and nutritional types: (cid:374)ut(cid:396)itio(cid:374)al t(cid:455)pes a(cid:396)e defi(cid:374)ed (cid:271)(cid:455) the sou(cid:396)(cid:272)e of a(cid:374) o(cid:396)ga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s e(cid:374)e(cid:396)g(cid:455), ele(cid:272)t(cid:396)o(cid:374)s, and carbon. Only 2 sources of energy are available to organisms: light and certain chem molecules. Phototrophs use light as their energy source. Chemotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of chem compounds (either organic/inorganic) Organisms only have 2 sources of electrons lithot(cid:396)ophs (cid:894)(cid:862)(cid:396)o(cid:272)k-eate(cid:396)s(cid:863)(cid:895) used (cid:396)edu(cid:272)ed i(cid:374)o(cid:396)ga(cid:374)i(cid:272) su(cid:271)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)es as their electron source, whereas organotrophs extract electrons from reduced organic compounds. Organisms may be heterotrophs organisms that use reduced, preformed organic molecules as their carbon source for growth, or they may be autotrophs organisms that use carbon dioxide as their sole or principle source of carbon. Photolithoautotrophs often called photoautotrophs use light energy and have carbon dioxide as their carbon source. Photosynthic protists and cyanobacteria employ water as the electron donor and release oxygen.

Related Questions

Phototrophs need an electron source like H₂S orH₂O. Where do the electrons from these sources go?(Assume the organism is growing autotrophically as well astophototrophically.)

	O₂ and CO₂
	O₂ only
	CO₂ only
	Sulfate or oxygen
	Inorganic various molecules, depending on cellular needs.

Which of the following statements about chlorophyll istrue?

	It is a good electron acceptor in its oxidized form.
	It is a good electron donor in its reduced form when energizedby light.
	It contains magnesium.
	It is a tetrapyrrole.
	All of the above

The unifying feature of all photosynthetic organisms isa(n)

	electron transfer chain.
	electron donating system to generate NADPH.
	ATP-generating system.
	light-gathering system.
	All of the above

Evidence suggests that banded iron formations are due to

	chemical oxidation of reduced iron, Fe²⁺.
	aerobic reduction of insoluble ferric iron, Fe(OH)₃.
	anaerobic oxidation of soluble ferrous iron,Fe²⁺.
	Both a and b
	Both a and c

In addition to their ability to harvest light in the 400 to 500nm range, carotenoids also

	eject electrons from the reaction center.
	function as a tetrapyrrole.
	intercept toxic single-state oxygen.
	transfer electrons to ubiquinone.
	raise electrons to a higher energy state.

Ribosomal RNA and other cell features affirm that living cellsshould be divided into three groups called domains.

	True
	False

Microbes have started to evolve recently.

	True
	False

The ________ was essential for the evolution of oxygenicphotosynthesis.

	evolution of cyanobacteria
	development of photosystem I
	ability to extract electrons from CO₂
	ability to extract electrons from H₂O
	ability to use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

What do oxygenic phototrophs use as an electron source?

	Oxygen
	Sulfide
	Water
	Organic compounds
	CO₂

10.

Three domains of organisms have been established basedprimarily on size and other structural features of the cells.

	True
	False

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BISC300 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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