CHEM 140B Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Lactone, Lithium Aluminium Hydride, Hydride
16 Mar 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Replace the ending e in the name of the alkane by oic acid. 19. 2 structural and physical properties of carboxylic acids. Formic acid (hcooh) is planar: approximately trigonal carbonyl carbon, general for most carboxylic acids. The carboxy group is polar and forms hydrogen-bonded dimers: lower carboxylic acids are completely soluble in water. Have relatively high melting and boiling points because they form h bonds in solid and liquid states. 19. 6 methods for introducing the carboxy functional group. Oxidation of primary alcohols and of aldehydes furnishes carboxylic acids: cro3, kmno4, and hno3 used to oxidize aldehyde to carboxylic acid; pcc used 1st. Organometallic reagents react with carbon dioxide to give carboxylic acids. Nitriles hydrolyze to carboxylic acids synthesis using nitrile hydrolysis is favorable over grignard carbonation when substrates contain other groups that react with organometallic reagents (hydroxy, carbonyl, nitro functional groups) 19. 8 carboxylic acid derivatives: acyl halides and anhydrides.
