The following is from a Mosquito Dunks® label. Mosquito Dunks® are used to control mosquito larvae populations in standing water.
ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis, Serotype H-14 primary powder,
7000 Aedes aegypti international toxic units (ITU) per milligram (dry weight basis)⦠10%
INERT INGREDIENTSâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦.. 90%
A. The active ingredient in Bti products is a crystalline protein protoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis ______. (endospores or bacteria)
B. Describe, in some detail, how these protein crystals kill insect larvae.
C. Bt bioinsecticides are toxic to insect larvae that eat them, but are not toxic to humans and other animals because.....PICK ONE--humans eat very little of the product, while insect larvae at a lot of it; humans are much larger than insects and are less likely to be affected; Actually, Bt insecticides are toxic when eaten by humans and other animals; the B. thuringiensis protoxin is activated only in the basic environment of the insect gut
D. Nolo Bait®, which contains spores of the obligate intracellular fungus Nosema locustae, has been licensed by the EPA as a control measure for grasshoppers. Nolo Bait is also called âGrasshopper Spore.â N. locustae spores and bacterial spores are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT: Both spores remain inert under adverse conditions; Both spores can remain viable in the environment for long periods of time; Both spores are used for reproduction; All of the above are true of both types of spores
E. What unusual cellular characteristic does N. locustae share with the protist Mixotricha paradoxa, the organism discussed in the article âA Russian Doll of Symbiosis?â
F. Photorhabdus luminescens is perhaps the most unusual microbe yet proposed to be used as a bioinsecticide. Photorhabdus luminescens and the microscopic worm Heterohabditis bacteriophora are (bacteria, symbionts, nematode worms, wax worms) The P. luminescens (nematode worms, wax worms, bacterium) lives in a (nematode worm, wax worm, bacteria) host. This host then parasitizes an insect larva, and the (wax worm, nematode worm, bacteria) within it produce (toxins, bacteria, spores) that kill the (nematode worm, wax worm, bacteria).
G. The relationship exhibited by P. luminescens bacteria and the nematode worm Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is a good example of ________. (commensalism, parasitism, or mutalism)
