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BILD 1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Meiosis, Cytoskeleton, Cell Membrane

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School
UCSD
Department
Biology/Lower Division
Course
BILD 1
Professor
Stephanie Mel

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Document Summary

12. 1 most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells. Cell cycle: parent cell dividing into two identical daughter cells. Cell division involves distribution of identical genetic material to two daughter cells. Dividing cell replicates dna distributes two copies to opposite ends of the cell split into two daughter cells. Prokaryotic genome is often single dna molecule. Eukaryotic genomes usually consist of number of dna molecules. Dna must be copied and replicated two copies separated so that each daughter cell ends up with complete genome. Chromatin: entire complex of dna and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes. Somatic cells: any body cells except reproductive cells each contain 46 chromosomes. Gametes: reproductive cells: half as many chromosomes as somatic cells. Cell is not dividing even as replicates dna in preparation for cell division chromosome in chromatin fiber. After dna replication chromosomes condense as part of cell division. Sister chromatids: each duplicated chromosome has these; joined copies of original chromosome.

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Related Questions

Question 1: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

gene, phenotype, chromosome, genotype, allele, genome

2.DNA that provides the instructions for synthesizing various types of small RNA molecules1.The complete set of genetic material in a cellan observable trait (or traits) of an organism

3.DNA that provides instructions for building a proteina variant of a gene

4.DNA of no known function

5.The genetic composition that underlies a trait (or traits)

6.A single molecule of DNA & its associated "helper" molecules

7.The portion of DNA that controls when and where proteins are synthesized

Question 2: Fill in the blank with these terms: dependent variable, independent variable, y-axis, x-axis

Understanding graphs is an important skill in science, since being able to visually depict data is often useful for identifying patterns, and can sometimes be the only tool for easily evaluating whether or not the data supports your hypothesis. When viewing a graph, the______ is plotted on the______, and the______we are measuring is plotted on the_____. For example, in one of the photosynthesis experiments last week, temperature was the______, while the size of the bubble at the end of the experiment was the_____

Question 3: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

diploid cell, haploid cell, fertilization, zygote, gamete, somatic cell

1. The merging of two gametes

2. Any cell in an organism, except those used for reproduction

3. A cell with only one copy of each gene

4. The process of cell division

5. The cells used for sexual reproduction (generally eggs & sperm)

6. The initial cell of an organism

7. A cell that is capable of differentiating into multiple types of specialized cells

8. A cell with two copies of each gene

Question 1: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

gene, phenotype, chromosome, genotype, allele, genome

2.DNA that provides the instructions for synthesizing various types of small RNA molecules1.The complete set of genetic material in a cellan observable trait (or traits) of an organism

3.DNA that provides instructions for building a proteina variant of a gene

4.DNA of no known function

5.The genetic composition that underlies a trait (or traits)

6.A single molecule of DNA & its associated "helper" molecules

7.The portion of DNA that controls when and where proteins are synthesized

Question 2: Fill in the blank with these terms: dependent variable, independent variable, y-axis, x-axis

Understanding graphs is an important skill in science, since being able to visually depict data is often useful for identifying patterns, and can sometimes be the only tool for easily evaluating whether or not the data supports your hypothesis. When viewing a graph, the______ is plotted on the______, and the______we are measuring is plotted on the_____. For example, in one of the photosynthesis experiments last week, temperature was the______, while the size of the bubble at the end of the experiment was the_____

Question 3: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

diploid cell, haploid cell, fertilization, zygote, gamete, somatic cell

1. The merging of two gametes

2. Any cell in an organism, except those used for reproduction

3. A cell with only one copy of each gene

4. The process of cell division

5. The cells used for sexual reproduction (generally eggs & sperm)

6. The initial cell of an organism

7. A cell that is capable of differentiating into multiple types of specialized cells

8. A cell with two copies of each gene

What step in DNA replication precedes the pairing of complementary bases?

A.

polymerization of DNA.

B.

formation of the histone core.

C.

mitotic division.

D.

separation of the two strands.

E.

joining of the two strands.

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the

A.

ribosome.

B.

mitochondria.

C.

cell membrane.

D.

cytoplasm.

E.

nucleus.

Normal human body cells contain how many chromosomes?

A.

46

B.

22

C.

23

D.

44

E.

42

Hershey and Chase performed an experiment in which they used radioactive isotopes to phosphorus and sulfur to label different components of bacterial viruses. Their results clearly showed that

A.

the viruses did not contain protein.

B.

genetic material normally contains radioactive isotopes.

C.

the viruses did not contain DNA.

D.

protein was entering into the infected bacteria.

E.

DNA was entering into the infected bacteria.

A package of histones with DNA wrapped around them forms spherical structures called

A.

nucleosomes.

B.

lysosomes.

C.

ribosomes.

D.

nucleoli.

E.

chromatin.

DNA replication

A.

does not require proteins.

B.

is constantly happening in a cell.

C.

occurs in G1 of interphase.

D.

takes place in the nucleus of the cell.

E.

occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The two subunits of the ribosome join during

A.

promotion of transcription.

B.

initiation of translation.

C.

termination of transcription.

D.

termination of translation.

E.

elongation.

DNA replication of a single DNA molecule is referred to as semiconservative because

A.

each of the two DNA molecules will consist of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

B.

all the DNA strands in the two DNA molecules will have both parental and newly synthesized DNA.

C.

it results in two nonidentical DNA molecules.

D.

of the two DNA molecules, one is made up totally of parental DNA, while the other is entirely newly synthesized DNA.

E.

one DNA strand is replicated continuously, while the other must be replicated discontinuously.

The bases are bonded to what part of the backbone of the DNA molecule?

A.

the 4’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

B.

the 3’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

C.

the 5’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

D.

the 1’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

E.

the 2’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.