BIOL 1107 Chapter Notes - Chapter Review: Sickle-Cell Disease, Valine, Acetyl-Coa

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30 May 2019

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Knight 2: double-bond like, due to competing electronegativity of atoms within the molecule, condensation reactions are important at the cellular level because, they are responsible for building macromolecules i. ii. 3 types of r groups: nonpolar, polar, or electrically charged. All amino acids have r function groups. All have the same structure besides the groups. Cellular respiration: process by which your cells take in oxygen and glucose to create energy (atp) C 6 h 12 o 6 + 6o 2 6co 2 + 6h 2 o + atp. Glucose + oxygen waste + water + atp. What: glucose is getting broken down into 2 3-carbon molecules known as pyruvates. Score: 2 net atp and 2 nadh. What: pyruvates are converted into acetyl coa. Score: 2 acetyl coa and 2 nadh. What: acetyl coa co 2 through a series of steps. How: acetyl coa combines with oxaloacetate to create citrite. Score: 6 nadh and 2 fadh 2 and 2 atp.

Related Questions

1 The side chain of valine is not polar because it does not havetwo types of atoms that have large differences inelectronegativity

a.) True b.) False

2 Ethanol is a polar molecule because there are largedifferences in electronegativity of the atoms and the molecule isasymmetric in shape.

a.) True b.) False

3 Which best describes a protein that is found in thecytosol?

a.) Polar amino acids will be found on the surface b.) Acidicamino acids will be found on the surface

c.) Basic amino acids will be found on the surface d.) Non-polaramino acids will be found in the interior

e.) All of the above

4 What will likely happen if two glutamates at pH 5 are next toeach other in a polypeptide chain?

a.) The side chains of these amino acids will be uncharged andthere will be no effect.

b.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged andthey will attract each other.

c.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged andthey will repel each other.

d.) Not enough information is given to determine the effect.

5 The difference between fetal and adult hemoglobin with regardto oxygen binding occurs because fetal hemoglobin has an amino acidsubstitution in one of its chains that results in a serine beingreplaced by a histidine.

a.) True b.) False

cyanseal60

1. Amino acid changes in the primary structure of the protein arenot capable of causing changes in the
overall shape of a protein.
a.) True
b.) False

2. An alpha helix:
a.) is destabilized by the amino acid alanine
b.) can only form by hydrogen bonding between different polypeptidechains
c.) can only form when cysteines form disulfide bridges within thisstructure
d.) all of the above
e.) none of the above

3. What will likely happen if two aspartates at pH 5 are next toeach other in a polypeptide chain?
a.) The side chains of these amino acids will be uncharged andthere will be no effect.
b.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged and theywill attract each other.
c.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged and theywill repel each other.
d.) Not enough information is given to determine the effect.

4. Consider the amino acid phenylalanine. Which of the followingbest describes where you predict this
amino acid would be found?
a.) This amino acid is hydrophobic and would be on the surface of aprotein that is in the middle
of a membrane.
b.) This amino acid is hydrophilic and would be on the surface of aprotein that is in the middle
of a membrane.
c.) This amino acid is hydrophobic and would be in the interior ofa protein that is in the middle
of a membrane.
d.) This amino acid is hydrophilic and would be in the interior ofa protein that is in the middle of
a membrane.
e.) Not enough information is given to determine.

5. The difference between fetal and adult hemoglobin with regard tooxygen binding occurs because fetal
hemoglobin has an amino acid substitution in one of its chains thatresults in a histidine being replaced by a
serine.
a.) True
b.) False

1. The side chain of tyrosine is considered to be polar because even though it is reminiscent of phenylalanine it also has two types of atoms that have large differences in electronegativity with asymmetry at the terminus.

a.) True

b.) False

2. Which of these changes in primary structure will be certain to cause a loss of protein activity?

a.) Asp to Glu

b.) His to Lys

c.) Trp to Ser

d.) Gly to Pro

e.) Not enough information is given since any one of these changes could be severe depending on the context of the situation

3.The difference between fetal and adult hemoglobin with regard to oxygen binding occurs because fetal hemoglobin has an amino acid substitution in one of its chains that results in a histidine (adult version) being replaced by a serine (fetal version).

a.) True

b.) False

4. What will likely happen if the side chains of aspartate and histidine at pH 5 are next to each other in a polypeptide chain?

a.) The side chains of these amino acids will be uncharged and there will be no electrostatic effect.

b.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged and they will attract each other.

c.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged and they will repel each other.

d.) Not enough information is given to determine the effect.

5. A beta pleated sheet:

a.) can occur between two different polypeptide chains
b.) can be formed by either intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonds
c.) can only form when cysteines form disulfide bridges within this structure
d.) forms when side chains of D and E attract each other
e.) both a and b

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BIOL 1107 Chapter Notes - Chapter Review: Sickle-Cell Disease, Valine, Acetyl-Coa

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