PSYCH 120A Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Deep Structure And Surface Structure, Problem Solving, Functional Fixedness
Document Summary
E. g. tumor problem, read analogy but was not told it was relevant, less people solved problem. People would generally not search through their memories for a fortress analogy when thinking of tumors. People need to get superficial features of a problem and think about principles governing the problem; focus on deep structure rather than surface structure. Mapping: need to figure out how the analogy relates to the problem at hand. Encourage people to pay attention to problems" underlying dynamic. Prompt people to compare problems and focus on understanding. Novices tend to place together all problems that are superficially similar. Experts ignored superficial details and sorted based on principles relevant to problem solution. Experts also more likely to use analogies. Takes knowledge to recognize how a problem can be broken into meaningful parts. Experts" perception of higher order units helps organize thinking.
