POL SCI 40 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3-4: Jim Crow Laws, Fugitive Slaves In The United States, Twenty-Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution Of India
Document Summary
Affirmative action: policies or programs designed to expand opportunities for minorities and women and usually requiring that an organization take measures to increase the number or proportion of minorities and women in its membership or employment. Black codes: laws enacted by southern legislatures after the civil war that prevented former slaves from voting and holding certain jobs, among other prohibitions. Civil liberties: constitutional and legal protections from government interference with personal rights and freedoms such as freedom of assembly, speech, and religion. Civil rights: the powers or privileges that are conferred on citizens by the constitution and the courts and that entitle them to make claims upon the government. Civil rights protect individuals from arbitrary or discriminatory treatment at the hands of the government. Civil unions : allow same sex-couples to receive many of the legal benefits of married couples, but without the marriage classification. De facto segregation: segregation that results from practice rather than from law.
