LIFESCI 3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5.2: Covalent Bond, Reaction Coordinate, Binding Energy
Document Summary
5. 2 enzymes: the reaction catalysts of biological systems. All enzymes are proteins with the exception of a small group of catalytic rna molecules. Some enzymes require only amino acid residues while others require a cofactor or coenzyme. Coenzyme: a complex organic or metallo-organic molecule. Acts as a transient carrier of specific functional groups. Prosthetic group: coenzyme or inorganic cofactor that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein. Holoenzyme: complete, catalytically active enzyme with its bound coenzyme and/or inorganic cofactor. Apoenzyme / apoprotein: protein part of an enzyme. Substrate: molecule that undergoes an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. It can undergo chemical transformation while bound to enzyme (ligand cannot) Active site: pocket in which substrate interacts with enzyme. Lined with multiple chemical groups oriented to facilitate the reaction. Enzyme-catalyzed reaction is highly specific for that particular reaction. Active site will not interact well with other substrates. Catalysis of different reactions require different enzymes.
