CHEM 14A Chapter Notes - Chapter 1F.4: Caesium, Electronvolt, Joule
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2 Nov 2020
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Ionization energy: the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase. Ionization energies are reported as molar quantities in kj*mol^-1 or in electronvolts (ev) First ionization energy: the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom in the gas phase. Second ionization energy: the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a singly charged gas-phase cation. Elements with high ionization energies are unlikely to form cations and are unlikely to conduct electricity. First ionization energies typically decrease down a group. In successive periods, the outermost electron occupies a shell that is farther from the nucleus and is therefore less tightly bound. Therefore, it takes less energy to remove an electron. First ionization energies generally increase across a period. Can be traced to the increase in zeff. Small departures from this trend arise from repulsions between electrons occupying the same orbital.
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