PHI 2010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Homologous Chromosome, Sister Chromatids, Allosome
Document Summary
Genes: a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in dna (or rna, in some viruses). Gametes: a haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that is formed by meiosis or is the descendant of cells formed by meiosis. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. Locus: a specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located. Sets of chromosomes in human cells each somatic cell has 46 chromosomes: two chromosomes of each 23 types. Karyotype: a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. X and y chromosomes are exceptions to the general pattern of homologous chromosomes. Most of the genes carried on the x do not have counterparts on the y and the y has genes lacking on the x. Sex chromosomes: chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
