HSC 4201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Health Promotion, Data Analysis, Seed
Health Promotion Programming (p. 144)
Basic Understanding of Program Planning
• Health Education—any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence-based
practices and or sound theories that provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge, attitudes,
and skills needed to adopt and maintain health behaviors
• Health Promotion—any planned combination of educational, political, environmental,
regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities
• Terms are not the same
Creating a Health Promotion Program
• Program planners use models to guide their work
• Planning models are th means by which structure and organization are given to the planning
process
• Models:
o PRECEDE/PROCEDE Model—probably the best known model used
o Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH)
o Intervention Mapping
o CDCynergy and Social Marketing Assessment and Response Tool (SMART)
• Generalized Model—draws on the major component of these other models
o 1st you must understand the community and engage the priority population
(audience)—those whom a program is going to serve
o Assessing needs
o Setting goals and objectives
o Developing interventions
o Implementing interventions
o Evaluating results
Assessing the Needs of the Priority Population
• Needs Assessment—is the process of collecting and analyzing information to develop and
understanding of the issues, resources, and constraints of the priority population, as related to
the development of the health promotion program
• Purpose is to determine whether the needs of the people are being met
Step 1: Determining the purpose and scope of the needs assessment
• Determine the purpose and the scope of the needs assessment
o What is the goal of the assessment?
o What does the planning committee hope to gain from the needs assessment?
o How extensive will the assessment be?
o What kind of resources will be available to conduct the needs assessment?
Step 2: Gathering Data
• Gathering the data that will help to identify the true needs of the priority population
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• Primary data—those that are collected specifically for use in this process
o Having those in the priority population complete a needs assessment questionnaire
about their health behavior
• Secondary data—information that has already been collected for some other purpose
Step 3: Analyzing the Data
• Can be analyzed in two ways—
o Formal analysis—consists of some type of statistical analysis
o Informal analysis—eyeallig the data progra plaers look for the ovious
differences between the health status or conditions of the priority population and the
programs and services available to close the gap between what is and what ought to be
• Data analysis should yield a list of the problems that exist, with a description of the nature and
extent of each
• Final step in analysis of data—prioritizing the list of problems
o Importance of the need
o How changeable the need is
o Whether adequate resources are available to deal with the problem
Step 4: Identifying the Factors linked to the health problem
• Planners need to identify and prioritize the risk factors that are associated with the health
problem
Step 5: identifying the program focus
• Identify those predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that seem the have a direct impact
on the targeted risk factors
o They too need to be prioritized
• This provides the program focus
Step 6: Validating the prioritized need
• Double check or to confirm that the identified need and resulting program focus indeed need to
be addressed in the priority population
• Planners must make sure they have indeed identified a true need
• At the conclusion of a needs assessment, planners should be able to answer the following
questions:
o Who is the priority population?
o What are the needs of the priority population
o Which subgroups within the priority population have the greatest need?
o Where are the subgroups located geographically?
o What is currently being done to resolve identified needs?
o How well have the identified needs been addressed in the past?
o What is the capacity of the community to deal with the needs?
o What are the assets in a community on which a program can be built?
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Document Summary
Step 3: analyzing the data: can be analyzed in two ways , formal analysis consists of some type of statistical analysis. Importance of the need: how changeable the need is, whether adequate resources are available to deal with the problem. Step 4: identifying the factors linked to the health problem: planners need to identify and prioritize the risk factors that are associated with the health problem. Identify those predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that seem the have a direct impact on the targeted risk factors: they too need to be prioritized, this provides the program focus. Implementing the intervention: the moment of truth. Is used to determine whether there are any problems with it: common problems: design or delivery of intervention. Evaluating the results: this is the final step in the generalized planning model, takes place in all the steps of program planning.
