CHM 1020 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Lone Pair, Covalent Bond, Octet Rule
Document Summary
The frequency of a wave is the number of wave cycles per second. Bonding electrons are shown as lines or pairs of dots between two atoms. Lone pairs are shown as pairs of dots on individual atoms. A catalyst - a substance that participates in a chemical reaction but is regenerated so it undergoes no permanent change. Two valence electrons equals one single covalent bond. Atoms bond in order to fill their valence shell of electrons. Most elements strive for a total of 8 such electrons while hydrogen strives for a total of 2. When electrons are shared it is a molecule. The speed of the wave is determined by multiplying the frequency of the wave by its wavelength. In a vacuum all electromagnetic radiation travels at a constant speed, the speed of light. A photon is a particle of electromagnetic radiation. Matter cannot absorb or emit a fraction of a photon.
