ANT 2000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Productive Forces, Herding, Pastoralism
Document Summary
Adaptation: physiological and behavioral adjustments living things make to their surroundings like temperature, precipitation, food supply, and the presence of other organisms. Humans alter the environment while adjusting to it. Division of labor: the patterned ways in which productive tasks are divided up along the lines of gender, sex, skill, and knowledge, interest, and other criteria. Hunting and gathering (foraging): adaptation based on harvesting only wild (undomesticated) plants and animals. Agriculture (cultivation): adaptation based primarily on the planting, tending, and harvesting of domesticated plants (crops) Herding (pastoralism): adaptation based on the control and breeding of domesticated livestock, which are taken to naturally occurring pastureland. Industrialism: the productive technology that harnesses the energy of fossil fuels to satisfy human material needs and wants. Band: a small foraging group with flexible composition that migrates seasonally. Domestication: the process by which people control the distribution, abundance, and biological features of certain plants and animals in order to increase their usefulness to humans.
