BIOL 200 Chapter Notes - Chapter Pgs 78-88: Amine, Polymerization, Chief Operating Officer

1.An ionic bond is created by ? a)a positive and negative ion attracting eachother b)two or more positive ions combining c)two or more negative ions combining d)none of the above

2.A transfer of electrons from one atom to another occurs? a)in all chemical reactions b)in the formation of all chemical bonds c)in the formation of covalent bonds d)none of the above

3.When cucrose is mixed with water and the proper enzyme , the sucrose molecule splits into glucose and fructose the reaction is an example of? a)hydrolysis b)dehydration c)synthesis d)anabolism

4.Which of the following compounds is an organic acid ? a)H2CO3 b)NaOH c)HCl d)KCL

5.Which of the following is a protein ? a )sucrose b)cholesterol c)Raffinose d)Mannose

6.In the formation of polymer dehydration synthesis occurs between ? a)the amino groups of 2 different amino acids b)the acid groups of two different amino acids c) the amono group of one amino acid and the acid group of the other d)none of the above

7.Which of the following is protein? a)surcase b)cholesterol c )raffinose d)mannose

8.The combination of glucose and galactose forms ? a)fructose b)maltose c)lactose d)Surose

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

1. You have the following prokaryotic DNA sequence: 5′-GGACTAGACAATAGGGACCTAGAGATTCCGAAA-3′ 3′-CCTGATCTGTTATCCCTGGATCTCTAAGGCTTT-5′ If the top strand is the template strand which sequence below is the correct mRNA transcript? A. 5′-GGACUAGACAAUAGGGACCUAGAGAUUCCGAAA–3′ B. 5'-UUUCGGAAUCUCUAGGUCCCUAUUGUCUAGUCC-3' C. 5'-CCUGAUCUGUUAUCCCUGGAUCUCUAAGGCUUU-3' D. None of the above are correct

2.Starting in the cytoplasm with a fully mature mRNA explain the process of translation initiation and then elongation and termination to me.

3.Prior to export from the nucleus, pre-mRNA must be processed. What specifically does this entail?

4.The biosynthetic pathway for the two amino acids E and H is shown schematically in the figure. You are able to show experimentally that E inhibits enzyme V, and H inhibits enzyme X. The most logical hypothesis regarding the regulation of Enzyme T would be that it is most likely subject to feedback inhibition by E alone. True or False?

5. A. kinase B. ligase C. polymerase D. oxido-reductase E. Phosphatase F. protease G. nuclease H. ATPase 1. Removes a phosphate group from a molecule 2. Hydrolyzes ATP 3. Hydrolyzes bonds between nucleotides 4. Adds phosphate groups to molecules 5. Catalyzes reactions in which one molecule is oxidized and another is reduced 6. Hydrolyzes peptide bonds 7. Joins two ends of DNA together 8. Catalyzes the synthesis of polymers such as RNA and DNA

6. Looking at the figure showing the change in reaction rate for two different enzymes that both utilize the same substrate, answer the following questions. a. What is the approximate Vmax for enzyme B ? b. What is the approximate Vmax for enzyme A ? c. What is the approximate Km for the enzyme which has a higher affinity for the substrate uM.

7. Answer the following question either yes or no (spell out the word, do not abbreviate as y or n). Looking at the following coupled reaction: Luciferase luciferin + O 2 ==========> oxyluciferin + light ∆G = + + Mg2+ ATP <=> AMP + PPi ∆G = - - - a. Based on your knowledge of free energy change and reactions would this coupled reaction occur ? b. Would changing the second step from ATP<=> AMP + PPi ∆G = - - - to ATP <=> ADP + Pi ∆G = - change your answer

7.Spontaneous reactions by definition will happen instantaneously. Why false?

8. Each of the following questions apply to the image of the channel protein. The purple sphere is a charged ion. Type your response to each question in the blank provided. a. Based you on what you know about cells and ions, what does the tri-lobed red and white molecule represent (although there aren't anywhere near enough of them shown) ? b. Since the question stated the purple sphere was a charged particle, using what you know about the tri-lobed red and white molecule what is the charge of the purples sphere c. On the extracellular space, on the right side of the purple sphere, there are two tri-lobed red and white molecules in close proximity to one another. The red of one appears to be attracted to the white of the other. What type of bond is this ? d. Based on your knowledge of proteins that interact with the membrane and the properties of the membrane, to what family of amino acids would the amino acid marked by A. most likely belong? ?