BIOL 200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7.1: Cytoskeleton, Molecular Motor, Peptidoglycan

54 views5 pages

limehare522

13 Sep 2018

School

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 200

Professor

Amanda E Schivell

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

BIOL 200 Full Course Notes

Verified Note

14 documents

Related Questions

1.You are working in a laboratory producing new antibiotics for human and veterinary use. One compound with potential value inhibits the action of prokaryotic ribosomes. The compound, however, was shown to inhibit the growth of animal cells in culture. What is one possible explanation for its effect on animal cells?

2. A research laboratory in pharmaceutical company is studying environmental factors that would inhibit the growth of Archaea. One question they have is if adding of antibiotic penicillin would be effective in controlling their growth. Explain to your best knowledge the probable results of an experiment in which penicillin is added to a culture of Archaea?

3. Most medically used antibiotics interfere with either peptidoglycan synthesis or ribosome function. Why do you think the cytoplasmic (cell) membrane would be a POOR target for antibacterial medications?

Compare and describe the following Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell structure/functions:

a. General Characteristics:

b. Size:

c. Cell Division:

d. Structures:

e. Cell Membrane:

f. Nucleus:

g. Functions:

h. Transport:

1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)

		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine
		The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do
		Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria
		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does
		Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack

What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)

		Biochemical similarities between existing species
		Fossils
		Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.)
		DNA sequences and molecular clocks

For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya

- A. B. C.	Methanogens (prokaryotes that produce methane)
- A. B. C.	Gram-positive bacteria
- A. B. C.	Fungi
- A. B. C.	Animals
- A. B. C.	Cyanobacteria
- A. B. C.	Green algae
- A. B. C.	Red algae
- A. B. C.	Amoebas
- A. B. C.	Thermophiles (prokaryotes of hydrothermal vents)
- A. B. C.	Plants
- A. B. C.	Free-living relatives of mitochondria
- A. B. C.	Single-celled organisms with a circular strand of DNA, without anuclear envelope and without peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:

		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs
		There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi
		There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods
		There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species

beigegerbil183

QUESTION 1

Which of the following statements about the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is false?

	a.	It resists attachment of the bacterial chromosome to its inner surface.
	b.	It contains a protein complex that drives ATP synthesis.
	c.	It is asymmetric.
	d.	It consists of relatively equal amounts of phospholipids and proteins.

1 points

QUESTION 2

Which of the following statements regarding Mycobacteria is false?

	a.	The genome has relatively low Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) content.
	b.	The cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a polymer (peptidoglycan) consisting of alternating N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-Acetylmuramic (NAM) acid units.
	c.	It infects approximately one-third of the global human population.
	d.	It has a Gram-positive cell wall with an additional waxy lipid layer of mycolic acid.

1 points

QUESTION 3

Which of the following outer membrane porins enables Mycobacteria to adapt to acidic and intracellular environments, and shows homology to outer membrane porin A?

	a.	OmpATb.
	b.	OmpA.
	c.	MspA.
	d.	Lipid A.

1 points

QUESTION 4

Based on your understanding of bacterial membranes, which of the following is not likely to be found in an E. coli outer membrane?

	a.	Membrane-anchored enzymes.
	b.	Mycolic acid.
	c.	Lipopolysaccharide.
	d.	Porin channels.

1 points

QUESTION 5

Based on the conclusions of this paper, which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with?

	a.	Some archaeon do not contain all of the genes essential for life.
	b.	The membrane structures of prokaryotes show far greater diversity than those of eukaryotes.
	c.	As demonstrated in this definitive report, scientists have a great understanding of the majority of basic functions and evolution of bacterial membranes.
	d.	The outer membrane (and its associated components) of archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria likely evolved independently of one another.

1 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following is not true for Gram-negative, acid-fast, and archaeal membranes?

	a.	They modify their lipid content in response to environmental changes.
	b.	They have co-evolved the same outer membrane composition and structure.
	c.	They all have a cytoplasmic membrane.
	d.	Membrane transport proteins regulate nutrient uptake and waste removal.

1 points

QUESTION 7

Compared to Mycobacteria, Gram-negative bacterium contain:

	a.	More mycolic acid.
	b.	Pores of increased length.
	c.	Less peptidoglycan.
	d.	50-fold-lower numbers of porins.

1 points

QUESTION 8

Archaea are found to survive in strongly acidic lakes compared to bacteria and Eukaryotes. Which of the following supports this claim according to the study?

	a.	The presence of L-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes.
	b.	The presence of D-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes.
	c.	The presence of L-glycerol ester linked peptidoglycans in Archaea membranes.
	d.	The presence of L-glycerol ester linked lipids in Archaea membranes.

1 points

QUESTION 9

Based on your understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus, which of the following below is not true?

	a.	The membrane lipids of N. equitans are synthesized by Ignoccocus.
	b.	In exchange for membrane lipids, N. equitans provide Ignicoccus with many essential cytoplasmic enzymes.
	c.	N. equitans lack enzymes capable of catalyzing lipid biosynthesis.
	d.	Intraperiplasmic vesicles produced by Ignicoccus allow for lipid transfer to N. equitans.

1 points

QUESTION 10

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in bacteria, as mentioned in the article?

	a.	They mediate transmembrane electron flow.
	b.	They mediate lipid biosynthesis.
	c.	They help to stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane.
	d.	They are responsible for the selective permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane.

BIOL 200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7.1: Cytoskeleton, Molecular Motor, Peptidoglycan

BIOL 200 Full Course Notes

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 132-133, 145-146, 249-250, 373, 522: Cell Membrane, Archaea, Prokaryote

BIOL 200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7.2: Nucleolus, Inner Membrane, Nucleoid

BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Nucleoid, Cell Membrane, Cell Theory

Related Questions