PY 105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary, Posterior Pituitary
Pituitary Gland
• Two halves
o Front (anterior) - adenohypophysis
o Back (posterior) - neurohypophysis
• Anterior - normal endocrine gland
o Controlled by hypothalamus releasing and inhibiting factors
• Posterior - composed of axons which descend from hypothalamus
o ADH: kidney retain water
o Oxytocin: milk and contractions
Thyroid Hormones and cortisol effect metabolism and energy usage
• Thyroid hormone produced from amino acid tyrosine (3 or 4 iodine atoms per molecule)
• Increased by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from anterior pituitary
Hormone Overview
1. Hypothalamus
a. Releasing and inhibiting factors (peptides)
b. Anterior pituitary/modify activity
2. Anterior pituitary
a. Growth hormone (GH) (peptide)
i. Increase bone and muscle growth, increase cell turnover rate
b. Prolactin (peptide)
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Document Summary
Thyroid hormones and cortisol effect metabolism and energy usage: thyroid hormone produced from amino acid tyrosine (3 or 4 iodine atoms per molecule) Increased by thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) from anterior pituitary. Hormone overview: hypothalamus, releasing and inhibiting factors (peptides, anterior pituitary/modify activity, anterior pituitary, growth hormone (gh) (peptide) Increase bone and muscle growth, increase cell turnover rate: prolactin (peptide, mammary gland/milk production, thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) (peptide) Thyroid/ increase synthesis and release of th: adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) (peptide) Increase growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex: luteinizing hormone (lh) (peptide) Ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis: follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) (peptide) Ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis: posterior pituitary, antidiuretic hormone (adh, vasopressin) (peptide) Breast/milk letdown, uterus/contractions: thyroid hormone (th, thyroxine) Child - necessary for physical and mental development. Adult - increase metabolic rate and temperature: calcitonin (peptide) Bone, kidney; lowers serum [ca2+: parathyroid, parathyroid hormone (pth) (peptide, thymus. Bone, kidney, small intestine/ increase serum [ca2+: thymosin (children only) (peptide)
