BSC 116 Chapter Notes - Chapter 29: Mitosis, Zygote, Meiosis

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ivorypanda663

26 Sep 2017

School

University of Alabama

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 116

Professor

Dr.Kocot

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Made up of diploid cells > contain pairs of homologous chromosomes: one set it inherited from mother, one from father. Divide by mitosis, which results in 2 genetically identical nuclei: mitosis of diploid results in 2 diploid daughter cells. Undergo meiosis, a process of nuclear division resulting in 4 daughter nuclei: each nuclei contains one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes, one complete set, these cells are called haploid (n) Meiosis: diploid (2n) haploid (n) Cells in diploid (2n) plant body undergo meiosis: diploid (2n) haploid (n) Fertilization of a haploid egg cell (n) by a haploid sperm cell (n) results in a diploid zygote (2n: haploid (n) diploid (2n) Zygote undergoes mitosis and develops into a new diploid individual. Gap between meiosis and production of gametes, where they differ. The diploid plant that produces spores is the sporophyte (2n)

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Recap/Brush up: What is the difference between Mitosis andMeiosis? For simplicity, assume that the division of nuclei isfollowed by cell division (M-phase contain cytokinesis).

Note: if this is for a prep, then drawing a roster or gridmatrix may be helpful for answering and learning.

In Mitosis, the number of chromosomes(remains unchanged, isdivided in half, is duplicated); in Meiosis it is (remainsunchanged, is divided in half, is duplicated)

Cells resulting from Mitosis have (twice the, the same, halfthe) number of gene sets of the predecessor cell; cells resultingfrom Meiosis have (twice the, the same, half the) number of genesets of the predecessor cell.

Cells resulting from Mitosis (twice the, the same, half the)number of Loci of the predecessor cell; cells resulting fromMeiosis have (twice the, the same, half the) number ofLoci of thepredecessor cell.

If the the predecessor cell is diploid, then cells resultingfrom Mitosis (are haploid, are triploid, are diploid, cannotoccur); cells resulting from Meiosis (are haploid, are triploid,are diploid, cannot occur).

If the the predecessor cell is haploid, then cells resultingfrom Mitosis (are haploid, are triploid, are diploid, cannotoccur); cells resulting from Meiosis (are haploid, are triploid,are diploid, cannot occur).

If the the predecessor cell is triploid, then cells resultingfrom Mitosis (are haploid, are triploid, are diploid, cannotoccur); cells resulting from Meiosis (are haploid, are triploid,are diploid, cannot occur).

Mitosis consists of (one, several, two, three)cycles of phases,resulting in(two,one,several,four) cells; Meiosis consists of (one,several, two, three) cycles of phases resulting in(two,one,several,four) cells.

Different from Mitosis, Meiosis(isolates,recombines, justduplicates) each allele. In fertilization, allelesare(recombined,isolated).

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What is the purpose of meiosis?

To enable an organism to produce gametes

To allow for growth

To allow an organism to replace damaged cells

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ________ and meiosis results in ________.

gametes, somatic cells

gametes, gametes

somatic cells, somatic cells

somatic cells, gametes

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following tasks is accomplished through the processof meiosis?

Cell growth

Production of sperm or eggs

Replacement of dysfunctional cells

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

What advantage does sexual reproduction have over asexualreproduction?

All other selections are true.

Sexual reproduction provides more genetic variability

Sexual reproduction doubles the number of chromosomes in aspecies

Sexual reproduction is more efficient

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during whatstage of cell division? (Read each option carefully.)

Prophase I of meiosis

Prophase of mitosis

Prophase II of meiosis

Interphase

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Corn has 20 chromosomes. When corn undergoes meiosis how manychromosomes are found in the gametes?

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite sidesof the cell during what stage of cell division? (Read each optioncarefully.)

Metaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase II of meiosis

Anaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase of mitosis

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______cells.

diploid, haploid

haploid, diploid

diploid, diploid

haploid, haploid

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Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

BSC 116 Chapter Notes - Chapter 29: Mitosis, Zygote, Meiosis

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