FIN 3509 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19-20: Secondary Mortgage Market, Whitewater Controversy, Second Mortgage

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13 Jan 2017

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Very common for mortgage to be sold. **final exam 7 to 10 questions on secondary mortgage market. **maturity mismatch maturity of the assets you"re receiving money off of is much longer than the maturity of the assets you"re selling; occurred in 1980s. Maturity of 1-year depository assets is short term; maturity of 30-year mortgages is long-term; lenders are eating the interest. Ie: year 30, pay depositors 8% interest, lend out money at 12% for mortgages. Problem because at year 29, 8% interest rates increased to 10% after one year, but mortgages remain at 12% after one year. Year 28, interest rates increased to 14%, but mortgage rates remained at 12%. After two years, mortgage lenders were losing money because they had to pay depositors 14% when they were only getting 12%. Ie: thrifts: banks for savings and loans. Thrifts invested that money into 30-year fixed rate mortgages. Year 1 (30 years): 4% for 1-year cd.

Related Questions

The (-Select- A. discount B. premium C. par) value of a bond is its stated face value or maturity value, and its coupon interest rate is the stated annual interest rate on the bond. The maturity date is the date on which the par value must be repaid. A (-Select- A. call B. redemption C. sinking) provision gives the issuer the right to redeem the bonds under specified terms prior to their normal maturity date, although not all bonds have this provision. Some bonds have (-Select- A. redemption fund B. sinking fund C. call fund) provisions which require the issuer to systematically retire a portion of the bond issue each year. Because sinking fund provisions facilitate their orderly retirement, bonds with these provisions are regarded as being (-Select-A. riskier B. safer C. equivalent) so they will have (-Select- A. lower B. equivalent C. higher) coupon rates than similar bonds without these provisions.

Bonds can be (-Select- A. floating B. zero C. fixed) -rate bonds with a constant coupon rate over the life of the bond, or they can be (-Select- A. floating B. zero C. fixed) -rate bonds with a coupon rate that varies over time depending on the level of interest rates. (-Select- A. Annual coupon B. Zero coupon C. Fixed coupon) bonds pay no annual interest but are sold at a (-Select- A. premium above B. price at C. discount below) par, thus compensating investors in the form of capital appreciation. An original issue discount (OID) bond is any bond originally offered at a price (-Select- A. above its B. below its C. equal to) par value.

(-Select- A. Convertible B. Perpetual C. Putable) bonds are exchangeable at the option of the holder for the issuing firm's common stock. Bonds can be issued with warrants giving the holder the option to purchase the firm's stock for a stated price, thereby providing a capital gain if the stock's price rises. (-Select- A. Income B. Convertible C. Putable) bonds contain a provision that allows holders to sell them back to the company prior to maturity at a prearranged price. (-Select- A. Income B. Default C. Preferred) bonds pay interest only if the firm has earnings, while an indexed (purchasing power) bond bases interest payments on an inflation index to protect the holder from inflation.

Mortgage bonds are backed by (-Select- A. current assets B. fixed assets C. marketable securities) . First mortgage bonds are senior in priority to claims of second mortgage bonds. Debentures are long-term bonds that are not secured by a mortgage. Subordinated debentures are bonds having claims on assets only after senior debt has been paid in full in the event of liquidation. (-Select- A. Secured-debenture B. Investment-grade) bonds are rated triple B or higher, and many banks and other institutional investors are legally limited to only holding these bonds. In contrast, junk bonds are high-risk, high-yield bonds.

raspberryskunk708

Multiple Choice Quiz
PLS EXPLAIN ALL YOUR ANSWERS
1
If a bond's rating improves:
A) It should cause the bond's price and yield to increase, allother factors constant.
B) It should cause the bond's price and yield to decrease, allother factors constant.
C) It should cause the bond's price to increase and its yield todecrease, all other factors constant.
D) None of the above.

2
An investor earning 6% from a tax-exempt bond, who is in a 25% taxbracket, holding risk constant:
A) Would be indifferent to a taxable bond with a 7.5% yield.
B) Would be indifferent to a taxable bond with a 8.0% yield.
C) Would be indifferent to a taxable bond with a 4.5% yield.
D) None of the above.

3
When the yield curve is downward sloping:
A) People are expecting an economic slowdown.
B) Short term yields are lower than long term yields.
C) This is impossible, since the yield curve always slopesupward.
D) People could be expecting a loosening in monetary policy.

4
Assume the Expectation Hypothesis regarding the term structure ofinterest rates. If the current one-year interest rate is 4% and thecurrent two-year interest rate is 6%, then:
A) Investors are expecting the future one-year rate to be 4%.
B) Investors are expecting the future one-year rate to be 8%.
C) Investors are expecting the future one-year rate to be 6%.
D) None of the above.

5
Which of the following statements is(are) true?
A) Conforming mortgages are mortgages for which the borrowers donot meet standards of creditworthiness.
B) Subprime mortgages are often made to individuals with low creditscores or income levels that are relatively low when compared tothe price of the home.
C) Subprime mortgages are never used in mortgage backed securitiesbecause of their riskiness.
D) All of the above.

6
Assume an investor has a choice of 3 consecutive one-year bonds orone 3-year bond. Assuming the Expectations Hypothesis of the termstructure of interest rates:
A) The average interest rate of the three consecutive one-yearbonds should be less than the 3-year bond to reflect the riskpremium.
B) The interest rate of the 3-year bond should equal the averageinterest rate of the 3 one-year bonds.
C) The three consecutive one-year bonds must have the same interestrate.
D) The current one-year interest rate must equal the current 3-yearinterest rate.

7
We would expect the risk spread between Baa bonds and U.S. Treasurysecurities of the same maturities to:
A) Widen during periods of economic recession.
B) To remain relatively constant over the business cycle.
C) To decrease during economic slowdowns.
D) To increase during economic growth periods.

8
Increased borrowing by the U.S. Treasury to finance growing budgetdeficits will:
A) Result in U.S. Treasury yields being higher than high gradecorporate bonds.
B) Result in the price of U.S. Treasury bonds rising.
C) Cause the yield on U.S. Treasury bonds to increase, but still belower than corporate bonds.
D) Result in lower yields on corporate bonds.

9
Imagine a scandal that finds the officers of bond rating agencieshave been taking bribes to inflate the rating of specific bonds.This should:
A) Have no impact on the bond market since bond markets are highlyefficient.
B) Decrease the demand for all bonds.
C) Increase the demand for U.S. Treasury securities and decreasethe demand for corporate bonds.
D) Decrease the risk spread.

10
A proposed increase in the federal income tax rates may actually beviewed favorably by many mayors of cities because:
A) It will allow them to also raise their tax rates.
B) It will cause the demand for Municipal bonds to increase andtheir yields to increase.
C) People will pay less attention to local taxes.
D) It will cause the price of municipal bonds to increase and theiryields to decrease.

11
Bonds rated as "highly speculative":
A) Are rated so because they guarantee high returns for thebuyer.
B) Are commonly referred to as junk bonds.
C) Are ranked just below investment grade by Standard &Poor's.
D) Are rated so because they do not have any default risk.

12
Ratings problems contributed to the financial crisis of 2007-2009because:
A) Ratings agencies sharply downgraded the ratings of MBS ashousing prices declined, reinforcing the decline in the prices ofMBS.
B) MBS issuers consulted ratings agencies to structure MBS to getthe highest ratings, causing a conflict of interest.
C) Ratings agencies were compensated by the issuers of the MBS,causing the incentive for favorable ratings.
D) All of the above.

13
An investor in a 30% marginal tax bracket, earning $10 in interestannually for a $100 U.S. Treasury bond:
A) Earns a 10% after-tax return because interest on U.S. Treasurybonds is tax exempt at the federal level.
B) Earns a 3% return after-tax.
C) Would be indifferent between this bond and a municipal bondoffering $7 annually per $100 of face value, assuming the samedefault risk.
D) Earns a 1% return after-tax.

14
Commercial paper refers to:
A) The financial publications read by the CEO's of publiccorporations.
B) Any debt security with a maturity exceeding one year.
C) Short-term collateralized securities issued only bycorporations.
D) Unsecured short-term debt issued by corporations andgovernments.

15
The addition of the Liquidity Premium Theory to the ExpectationsHypothesis allows us to explain why:
A) Yield curves usually slope upward.
B) Interest rates on bonds of different maturities movetogether.
C) Long-term interest rates are less volatile than short terminterest rates.
D) Yield curves are flat.

2. For this and the next question. The City of Knights issued $10,000,000 of 9% coupon, 20-year, semiannual payment, tax-exempt municipal bonds. The bonds were issued 5 years ago. The bonds can be called now if the city chooses to do so. The call premium is 4% of the face value. New 15-year, 5%, semiannual payment bonds can be sold at par, but flotation costs on this issue would be 2% of the amount of bonds sold. Note that the combined costs associated with calling the existing bonds and paying for the flotation cost of the new issue represent the total initial outlay for the refinancing. The initial cost is $600,000. CALCULATE THE TOTAL SEMI-ANNUAL SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH REFINANCING

120,000

30,000

none of the above

3. What is the net present value of the refunding? Note that cities pay no income taxes. Hence, taxes are not relevant in this analysis.

$453,443

$499,921

$240,000

$551,163

none of the above

4. For this and the next 2 question. New York Waste (NYW) is considering refunding a $50,000,000, annual payment, 14.5% coupon, 30-year bond issue that was issued 5 years ago. It has been amortizing $3 million of flotation costs on these bonds over their 30-year life. The company could sell a new issue of 25-year bonds at an annual interest rate of 11.67% in today's market. A call premium of 14% would be required to retire the old bonds, and flotation costs on the new issue would be $3 million. The company's marginal tax rate is 40%. The new bonds would be issued when the old bonds are called. The initial cost of the refunding is $6,200,000?

Calculate the after-tax annual INTEREST SAVINGS if the refunding takes place.

$664,050

$768,000

$849,000

$930,369

none of the above

5. What is the NPV if the bods are refunded today?

$1,746,987

$1,838,933

$1,935,719

$3,785,322

6. A callable bond with an original maturity of 20 years now has 15 years to mature. The bond was originally issued at par with a coupon rate of 12% and semiannual interest payments. The bond can be called 7 years from now at a 20 percent call premium. Calculate this bondâs yield-to-call and yield-to-maturity if the current price is $860.

YTC = 14.29%; YTM = 17,09%

YTC = 17.09%; YTM = 14.29%

None of the above

7. Which of the following statements is most correct?

Junk bonds typically carry a lower yield to maturity than investment grade bonds

A debenture is a secured bond which is backed by some or all of the firmâs fixed assets

All else equal, subordinated bonds typically carry lower yields than mortgage bonds

None of the above statements is correct

8. Assume you wish to purchase a bond with a 30-year maturity, a coupon rate of 10 percent, a face value of $1,000, and semiannual interest payments. If you require 9% yield to maturity, what is the present value of the bond?

$905.35

$1,102.74

$1,103.19

$1,149.63

9. A bond has a coupon rate of 8%, a maturity of 10 years, a face value of $1,000, and makes semiannual payments. If the price is $9.34.96, what is the annual nominal yield to maturity on the bond?

8.39%

9.64%

4.41%

none of the above

FIN 3509 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19-20: Secondary Mortgage Market, Whitewater Controversy, Second Mortgage

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