BIOL 2112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Platypus, Dermis, Stratified Squamous Epithelium
4 Jun 2018
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Chapter 19
1.Describe the key derived traits of the chordates and the chordate subgroups.
Chordates evolved with extensive skull, jaws and vertebrae.
2.Describe the characteristics of and distinguish between each of the following
vertebrate groups: hagfishes, lampreys, chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, lobe-
finned fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Hagfishes- craniates, notochord, lack hinged jaws and paired fins
Lampreys- craniates, notochord, lack hinged jaws and paired fins. They are
also vertebrates
Chondrichthyans (sharks and sting rays)- have a flexible skeleton made of
cartilage, electrosensors on their heads, and lateral line system
Ray-finned fishes- have an internal skeleton reinforced with a hard matrix of
calcium phosphate, flatten scales covered with mucus, an operculum that
covers a chamber of gills, and swim bladder (acts as a lung)
Lobe-fins- have muscular pelvic and pectoral fins that are supported by rod-
shaped bones
Amphibians- use their moist skins to supplement their lungs for gas
exchange, often have poison glands, lay their eggs in water, undergo
metamorphosis
Reptiles- amniotic egg (egg outside), scaley skin and is waterproofed with
keratin, has lungs, and are ectothermic
Birds- lack teeth, tail has few small vertebrae, feathers have hollow shafts,
and bones are hollow for flight, are endothermic
Mammals- are endothermic amniotes, have hair for insulation, have
mammary glands (produce milk), have efficient respiratory and circulatory
system
4.Distinguish between monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
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Document Summary
1. describe the key derived traits of the chordates and the chordate subgroups. Chordates evolved with extensive skull, jaws and vertebrae. 2. describe the characteristics of and distinguish between each of the following vertebrate groups: hagfishes, lampreys, chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, lobe- finned fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Hagfishes- craniates, notochord, lack hinged jaws and paired fins. Lampreys- craniates, notochord, lack hinged jaws and paired fins. Chondrichthyans (sharks and sting rays)- have a flexible skeleton made of cartilage, electrosensors on their heads, and lateral line system. Ray-finned fishes- have an internal skeleton reinforced with a hard matrix of calcium phosphate, flatten scales covered with mucus, an operculum that covers a chamber of gills, and swim bladder (acts as a lung) Lobe-fins- have muscular pelvic and pectoral fins that are supported by rod- shaped bones. Amphibians- use their moist skins to supplement their lungs for gas exchange, often have poison glands, lay their eggs in water, undergo metamorphosis.
