BIOL 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Cytosine, Disulfide, Beta Sheet

• School: Texas A&M University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 111
• Professor: Rao Asha

Document Summary

Polymer- long molecule linked by strong covalent bonds. Monomers- serve as building blocks of a polymer. Dehydration reaction- two molecules are bonded to each other, with the loss of a water molecule. Hydrolysis- breaks down molecules, hydrogen/hydroxyl attach to monomers. Variations in polymers seen in dna and proteins. Dna and proteins are constructed from 40-50 common monomers. Disaccharide- 2 ms joined by a glycosidic linkage (covalent bonds formed between 2 ms by a dehydration reaction) Serve as building material for molecular structures. Plants and animals store sugars in polysaccharides (starch, glucose, etc. ) Different forms are joined by different linkages. Hydroxyl group is positioned either below or above the ring. Different glycosidic linkages model distinct 3-d shapes, cellulose molecules grouped differently. Enzymes digest starch by hydrolyzing linkages, cellulose allows our digestive tracts to secrete mucus so we can digest food better, some microorganisms can digest cellulose. Chitin- used by anthropods to build exoskeletons.