BICH 410 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Keratan Sulfate, Amylase, Glycosylation
8 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
The smallest sugars are aldoses or ketoses, with the formula (ch2o)n. Monosaccharides cyclize to form (cid:573) or (cid:574) anomers. The derivatives of monosaccharides include the aldonic acids, uronic acids, alditols, deoxy sugars, and amino sugars. Monosaccharides can be linked to each other or to other molecules by glycosidic bonds. Disaccharides such as lactose and sucrose consist of two sugars linked by specific glycosidic bonds. Cellulose and chitin are polymers of (cid:574)(1 4)-linked glucose residues. In starch and glycogen, glucose residues are linked mainly by (cid:573)(1 4) bonds. Glycosaminoglycans and other large heteropolysaccharides typically have a gel-like structure. Bacterial cell walls consist of glycan chains cross-linked by peptides. The oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to eukaryotic glycoproteins may play a role in protein structure and recognition. Monosaccharide: aldehyde or ketone derivatives of straight-chain polyhydroxy alcohols containing at least three carbon atoms. Aldose: if carbonyl group of sugar is an aldehyde. Ketose: if carbonyl group of sugar is a ketone.
