BCM 475 Chapter Notes - Chapter 22: Acetyl-Coa, Pyruvate Carboxylase, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
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Formed from acetyl coa (fatty acid oxidation) when fat breakdown predominates (not enough carbs) Acetyl coa (fatty acid oxidation) enters the cac only if fat and carb degradation are balanced: because acetyl coa combines with oxaloacetate. Low carb breakdown: fasting, diabetes = low oxaloacetate = increased acetyl coa. Fatty acid oxidation decreases nad+/nadh ration rise in nadh oxaloacetate into malate. Increased acetyl coa inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and activates pyruvate carboxylase: oxaloacetate is mainly used for gluconeogenesis than cac. Acetyl coa diverts to formation of ketone bodies. Important sources of energy for peripheral tissues: water-soluble. Do(cid:374)"t (cid:374)eed lipoprotei(cid:374)s or (cid:272)arried (cid:271)y al(cid:271)u(cid:373)i(cid:374) like other lipids: produced in liver when amount of acetyl coa exceeds oxidative use, used by skeletal/heart muscle and renal cortex (kidney, brain can use to spare glucose (fasting) High levels of acetoacetate signify abundance of acetyl units: decrease in rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue.
