BCM 475 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Anomer, Glycated Hemoglobin, Glycosidic Bond
Document Summary
Carbohydrates supply details/enhancements to biochemical architecture of cell. Glycobiology study of synthesis, structure of carbs; attachment/recognition by other molecules. Glycomics study of the glycome (all carbs and carb-associated molecules) Structural diversity monosaccharides offer variation in size, stereochemical configuration: offer numerous possibilities of oligosaccharides. Carbon-based molecules rich in oh groups | empirical formula = (ch2o)n. Monosaccharides | aldehydes, ketones with 2 or more oh groups. Smallest monosaccharides (trioses): dihydroxyacetone (ketose) | contains keto group, d- and l-glyceraldehyde (aldose) | contains aldehyde group. D is more common in vertebrate monosacchs. Constitutional isomers identical molecular formula, differ in order of atoms. Stereoisomers isomers that differ in spatial arrangement (d or l) Number of possible stereoisomers = 2n n = # of asymmetric carbon atoms. Enantiomers non-superimposable, mirror images: diastereoisomers isomers not mirror images of each other. Epimers diastereoisomers that differ at 1 asymmetric center. Pyranose | 6-membered ring, nonplanar due to tetrahedral geometry.
