PSY 211 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Psy, Information Processing, Behaviorism
Friday, December 16, 2016
PSY 211
Learning and Memory
-Behaviorism
•Stimulus and Response centered
•Observable behavior — not thoughts/feelings
-ex: someone has trouble remembering you at different location — because environment
is different, not because
•Premises
-1) Measure observable behavior
-2) Specifies environment
-3) identify reinforcers and punishers
-Cognitive Science
•Infers mental states exist
•Premises
-1) Measure Behavior Objectively
-2) Specify Environment
-3) infer mental operations for input-output
•Information processing: info fed into system, system processes, feeds info back out
-Acquisition and Storage
•Input—> Sensory Mem—> Short Term —> Encoding —> Long Term
-Input: Stimulus is received
-Sensory Memory: keeps stimulus active before moving it to short-term
-Short term: limited capacity that holds info for further processing
•Holds info in chucks (5-9)
•For limited time (30-60 seconds)
-Encoding: Changing and organizing info to connect it to previously known
information
-Long Term: Hold permanent knowledge base, new information gets hooked to old
information here
•may also help understand and sort info in short term memory
!1
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Friday, December 16, 2016
-Retrieval
•Input —> Sensory Mem—> Short Term—> Search/Compare—> Decision—> Output
-Input: stimulus that requires you to recall something
-Sensory Memory: keeps active
-Short Term: holds info for further processing
-Search/Compare: Long term memory is searched for information relevant to what is
being stored in the short term, compared until correct info is retrieved
-Decision: Coming to a conclusion about retrieved information
-Output: the response
-Learning & Forgetting
•Forgetting/Retention Curve
-Typical Curve — Use it or Lose it
•When the time between stimulus and testing is shorter — correct responses high
•As time gets longer, correct responses decline
•Decline is rapid and then levels off
-Atypical Curve — Reminiscence
•Instances in which typical decline shows reversal
•Common in older people, and at longer retention periods
•Sources of Forgetting/Remembering
-Proactive Interference/Facilitation
•Interference: when previously learned info reduces ability to remember new
information
•Facilitation: when previously learn info increases ability to remember new info
•INFLUENCES RETRIEVAL
-Retroactive Interference/Facilitation
•Interference: when material learned later reduces the ability to remember material
learned earlier
•Facilitation: when material learned later increase the ability to remember material
learned earlier
•studies show almost always interference occurs
-Memory Systems
•Types
!2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Behaviorism: stimulus and response centered, observable behavior not thoughts/feelings. Ex: someone has trouble remembering you at different location because environment is different, not because: premises. Cognitive science: infers mental states exist, premises. 3) infer mental operations for input-output: information processing: info fed into system, system processes, feeds info back out. Acquisition and storage: input > sensory mem > short term > encoding > long term. Sensory memory: keeps stimulus active before moving it to short-term. Short term: limited capacity that holds info for further processing: holds info in chucks (5-9, for limited time (30-60 seconds) Encoding: changing and organizing info to connect it to previously known information. Long term: hold permanent knowledge base, new information gets hooked to old information here: may also help understand and sort info in short term memory. Retrieval: input > sensory mem > short term > search/compare > decision > output. Input: stimulus that requires you to recall something.
