01:750:271 Chapter 7: Chapter 7 Textbook Notes

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amberfrog97

7 Oct 2015

School

Rutgers University

Department

Physics

Course

01:750:271

Professor

Duiliu Emanuel Diaconescu

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Document Summary

Energy a scalar quantity associated with the state (or condition) of one or more objects; a number that we associate with a system of one or more objects. *if a force changes one of the objects by, say, making it move, then the energy number changes. *in this chapter we focus on only one type of energy (kinetic energy) and on only one way in which energy can be transferred (work). Kinetic energy energy associated with the state of motion of an object. 2 mv2 (measured in joules, j: ke = 1, 1 j = 1 kg*m2/s2.

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Newton’s version of Kepler’s third law offers one of the few ways of determining the mass of objects in space. One form of this relationship is expressed in Equation 7.6. To derive it, however, we assumed the orbit of the less massive object is circular and is centered on the more massive object, which is not completely realistic. In reality, both objects move in an orbit in response to the gravitational force between them! A careful derivation shows that for two masses and in orbit around one another with semimajor axis a, the proper expression of Newton’s version of Kepler’s third law is

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An object (A) of mass 0.1kg strikes a second object (B), of mass0.3kg that is initially at rest. Mass A has an initial velocity of+2 m/s

a/ Assume that the collision is entirely elastic. Calculate anddescribe the final velocities for the two objects. Assume that thisproblem is entirely one-dimentional.

b/ Now assume that the collision is totally inelastic. Againcalculate and describe the final state for these objects. Calculatethe total energy of the system before and after the collision. Ismechanical energy conserved in this case; if not, account for thedescrepancy.

Two identical objects A and B move on a one-dimensional,horizontal air track. Object B initially moves to the right withspeed Vo. Object A initially moves to the right with speed 3Vo, sothat it collides with object B. Friction is negligible. Exress youranswers to the following in terms of M and Vo.

a) Determine the total momentum of the system of the twoobjects.

b) A student predicts that the collision will be totallyinelastic (the objects stick together on collision). Assuming thisis true, determine the following for the two objects immediatelyafter the collision.

i)the speed

ii) the direction of motion (left orright)

When the experiment is performed, the student is surprised toobserve that the obbjects separate after the collision and thatobject B subsequently moves to the right with a speed of 2.5Vo.

c) Determine the following for object A immediately after thecollision.

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01:750:271 Chapter 7: Chapter 7 Textbook Notes

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