01:160:307 Chapter 1: Ch 1 Text Book Notes
21 Feb 2019
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I electronstructure ofatoms an atomcontains asmalldense nucleusmadeofneutronsandpositively chargedprotonsthenucleus issurrounded byanextranuclearspacecontaining negativelychargedelectrons nucleuscontaining neutronsandprotons extranuclearspace containingelectrons. 1 2 3 andsooneachshell cancontain2melectrons where n is theshellnumber. Theelectronsinthefirstshell arenearestto thepositively an thelowestinenergyandthe higherthenumberoftheshell thelosertheyareheld aredesignated by s p d f andwithinthesesubshells electrons are groupedinorbitals. A groundstateelectronconfiguration thelowestenergyconfiguration for an atom or molecule wedeterminethisby. Btheconceptofenergy enoughelectronstofillall ofthem completelyoneelectron isput in eachbefore asecondelectron is. 3excitedstate astateof asystem at a higherenergythanground all ofnatureseeksitslowest energy. 4 ionizationpotential energyneeded to remove an electronfromatom or molecule notthat electrons in lowestorbital areheldtheclosest to thenucleustakingthelargest. Functional groupsareimportantforthree bondedtoonecarbon 2 hydrogen in a secondaryamine129nitrogen is reason. 1 allow us to divideorganiccompoundsinto bonded to two carbons i hydrogen classes. Ohgroup hydroxyl bondedto a tetrahedral carbonatom in a tertiary amine1301nitrogen is bonded tothreecarbons. Aldehyde the carbonyl carbon is bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon l cho cch o ketone the carbonyl carbon is bondedtotwocarbons. Primary secondary tertiary primary compound containing afunctional groupbondedto a carbonatom bonded to one carbon andtwohydrogen.
