NUR 2462C Chapter Notes - Chapter Test 1: Intracranial Pressure, Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetic Ketoacidosis

• School: St. Petersburg College
• Department: Nursing, Generic Undergraduate
• Course: NUR 2462C
• Professor: Seigel

Document Summary

Distribution of body fluids: the icf refers to the fluid contained within the cells, whereas the ecf is the fluid outside the cells. Increased intracranial pressure: changes in fluid volume related to growth, water balance in infants, body surface area increased, basal metabolic rate increased, kidney function decreased, fluid requirements. Fluid requirements depends on hydration status, size, environmental factors, and underlying disease: disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance, water intoxication, exhibit irritability, somnolence, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, or generalized seizures, dehydration, types of dehydration. Isotonic (isosmotic or isonatremic) dehydration electrolyte and water deficits are present in approximately balanced. Hypotonic (hypoosmotic or hyponatremic) dehydration electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit; water transfers from the ecf to the icf to establish osmotic equilibrium. Increased serum osmolality stimulates the secretion of adh to conserve fluid and initiates the renin/angiotensin mechanisms in the kidney, causing further vasoconstriction: aldosterone is released to promote sodium retention and conserve water in the kidneys, diagnostic evaluation.