CHEM 110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Electron Shell, Electron Configuration, Electron Affinity
Document Summary
More electrons in the same orbitals, shrinking due to attraction to protons. Electrostatic attraction for valence electrons is directly proportional to zeff. Ionization energy: the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the ground state. How strongly the electron is held within the atom, ion, or molecule. Ie1 is the energy needed to remove the first electron, ie2 the second electron and so on. Mg(g) mg+(g) + e- ie1= 738 kj/mol. The more strongly the electrons are held (the lower their energy within the species), the harder it is to remove them and the higher the ionization energy. Increases going across the periodic table (left to right) In response to increasing zeff and diminishing atomic size. Filled subshells provide stability, and ie is larger to remove an electron from filled subshells. Measured ies are really the enthalpies of the ionization process. Ie1 is a measure of the stability of the electron configuration of the neutral atom.
