BIOLOGY 1113 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Electron Transport Chain, Acetyl-Coa, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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blushcicada933

19 Feb 2016

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Ohio State University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOLOGY 1113

Professor

Ball Sarah

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BIOLOGY 1113 Full Course Notes

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Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels. Some of the energy taken out of chemical storage can be used to do work; the rest is dissipated as heat. Anaerobic respiration- harvesting chemical energy without oxygen. This breakdown of glucose is exergonic, having a free energy change of -686kcal per mole of glucose decomposed ( g = -686 kcal/mol) Oxidation of organic fuel molecules during cellular respiration. C6h12o6 + 6o2 6co2 + 6h2o + energy. Stepwise energy harvest via nad+ and the electron transport chain. If energy is released from a fuel all at once, it can not be harnessed efficiently for constructive work: glucose is broken down in a series of steps, each one. + - a coenzyme that cycles easily between catalyzed by an enzyme. Nad oxidized (nad+) and reduced (nadh) states, thus acting as an electron carrier.

Related Questions

1. Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

a. H2O

b. CO2

c. O2

d. both O2 and CO2

e. both H2O and CO2

2. Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as

a. autotrophs.

b. parasites.

c. heterotrophs.

d. saprophytes.

e. mutualists.

3. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a. carbon monoxide.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. hydrocarbons.

d. methane.

e. glucose.

4. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

a. carbon dioxide.

b. glucose.

c. ribulose bisphosphate.

d. water.

5. When chlorophyll a molecules absorb energy, the molecules

a. release electrons.

b. release X-rays.

c. release energy.

d. release electrons and X-rays.

e. release electrons and energy.

6. The flow of what particle across the thylakoid membrane powers the production of ATP?

a. electrons

b. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

d. carbon dioxide

e. phosphate ions 2

7. The light-independent reactions were discovered by

a. M. D. Hatch.

b. Andrew Benson.

c. Melvin Calvin.

d. Robert Hill.

e. both Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin.

8. For each six atoms of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reactions, how many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are produced?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

e. 15

Chapter 7

9. The ultimate source of energy for living things is

a. the Krebs cycle.

b. fossil fuels.

c. the sun.

d. glycolysis.

e. aerobic respiration.

10. When molecules are broken apart in respiration

a. the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.

b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.

c. the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

d. ATP is converted into ADP.

e. ADP is released as a waste product.

11. ATP

a. can be produced by photosynthesis.

b. is produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.

c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.

d. is released in aerobic respiration.

e. all of these

12. Which part of the energy-releasing pathway can convert all carbon that enters to carbon dioxide?

a. fermentation

b. glycolysis

c. Krebs cycle

d. electron transport

e. phosphorylation

13. Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

a. aerobic respiration

b. anaerobic respiration

c. alcoholic fermentation

d. lactate fermentation

e. All liberate the same amount, but through different means.

14. Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

a. hydrogen

b. carbon

c. oxygen

d. H2O 3

15. Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of

a. NADP.

b. pyruvate.

c. NAD+.

d. NADH.

e. H2O.

16. Glycolysis

a. occurs in the mitochondria.

b. results in the production of pyruvate.

c. occurs in the cytoplasm.

d. occurs in the mitochondria and results in the production of pyruvate.

e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

17. The end product(s) of glycolysis is(are)

a. acetyl CoA.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. pyruvate.

d. glucose.

e. glucose and carbon dioxide.

18. Which is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a. NAD+

b. FAD+

c. ADP

d. NADH

e. NADP+

19. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

a. ribosomes.

b. cytoplasm.

c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria.

e. chloroplasts.

20. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of

a. energy.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. oxygen.

d. energy and oxygen.

e. energy and carbon dioxide.

ochremole959

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and itâs movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD⁺ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for âreduction/oxidationâ reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO₂ is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from a single FADH₂ molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

scarletlocust623

No handwriting please and only answer if you are gonna complete all of them from 30-40. Thanks in advance and hope you are having a great day today.

Select the correct answer:

30. How would amino acids from the bloodstream move across a cell membrane?

	a.	diffusion
	b.	osmosis
	c.	facilitated diffusion
	d.	active transport
	e.	endocytosis

31. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

	a.	water vapor
	b.	carbon dioxide
	c.	gaseous nitrogen
	d.	methane
	e.	nitrous oxide

32. The greenhouse effect is most similar to

	a.	heating up the air inside a car by parking it in the sun
	b.	warming the air for a hot-air balloon with a propone burner
	c.	burning kerosene in a heater to warm up the air inside a cold house
	d.	growing plants in your office to reduce indoor air pollution
	e.	cooking food with a charcoal grill

33. Temperature is a measure of

	a.	the potential energy in a substance
	b.	how fast the molecules in a substance are moving
	c.	the energy lost from a substance to its surroundings
	d.	how much heat is being absorbed by a substance

34. Fossil fuels include all the following EXCEPT

	a.	oil
	b.	coal
	c.	hydrogen gas
	d.	natural gas
	e.	gasoline

35. On Earth,________is/are the largest reservoir of carbon dioxide and heat.

36. Chemical work within cells is powered by

	a.	NAD+
	b.	NADPH
	c.	ADP
	d.	ATP

38. Which of the following processes creates the most ATP per glucose molecule metabolized?

	a.	glycolysis
	b.	fermentation
	c.	photorespiration
	d.	aerobic cellular respiration
	e.	the light reactions of photosynthesis

39. In cellular respiration,_______is produced during_______.

	a.	oxygen; the citric acid cycle
	b.	carbon dioxide; the citric acid cycle
	c.	oxygen; the light reactions
	d.	carbon dioxide; the light reactions

40. Metabolic pathways that require oxygen are referred to as

	a.	aerobic
	b.	anaerobic
	c.	photosynthetic
	d.	fermentative

BIOLOGY 1113 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Electron Transport Chain, Acetyl-Coa, Oxidative Phosphorylation

BIOLOGY 1113 Full Course Notes

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